1 ． I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us.

我认为她是既紧张又害羞，因为这是她给我们上的第一节课

her first lesson= the first lesson of her. 通常我们要在序数词前加上定冠词 the 或者是形容词性物主代词来表示顺序；若加的是不定冠词，则表示“又一个”、“再一个”而不再表示顺序了。

典例：

This is my first lesson, so I don't know all your names.

这是我的第一节课，因此我不全知道你们的名字！

January is the first month of the year. 一月是一年中的第一个月。

Tom was so hungry that he ate a second cake. 汤姆如此的饿，以至于他吃了又一块蛋糕。

2. She avoids making you feel stupid. 她避免使你觉得自己是个笨蛋 。

avoid 及物动词 避免， 后多加名词或动词的－ ing 形式。

典例：

I can't avoid seeing her. 我不能避而不见她

Try to avoid danger. 尽力避免危险。

make sb./sth. do sth. 使某人／某事做 …

make sb./sth. Done 使某人／某事被 …

make sb./sth. + n./adj 使某人／某事 …

典例：

I made him repeat what I had told him. 我要他把我对他说的话重复一遍。

He was made to repeat what he had been told. 要他重复一遍别人对他说的话。

( 注意：在被动态中，需要恢复不定式符号 to)

His actions made him universally respected. 他的行为使他到处受到尊敬。

We made Tom captain. 我们推举汤姆当队长。

The news made him happy. 那消息使他高兴。

及时反馈练习 ：汉译英

1) 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

2) 你讲英语能让人听得懂么？。

3) 别使她生气。

4) 我把我的意思讲明白了么？

答案：

1) Modesty makes one progress whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

2) Can you made yourself understood in English?

3) Don't make her angry.

4) Have I made my meaning clear?

3. I've always hated making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs Li just smiles, so that you don't feel completely stupid!

当我讲英语时，我总是憎恨犯错误或者不能正确读出一个单词的发音，但是李李老师只是微笑，这样你就不会感觉自己很傻。

so that 如此；以致于

···so that··· 如此 ······ ，以致于 ······

经典例句

(1). I got up early so that I can see the sunshine. 我起的很早以便能看到日出。

(2). He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病的很重，我们不得不给他请医生。

用法小结：：

(1).so that 引导的从句通常用来表目的，也可表结果。

I worked hard so that I could pass the exam.( 目的 )

我努力学习以便能通过测试。

He was caught in the rain so that all his clothes got wet.( 结果 )

他被那场雨淋了，（结果）衣服都湿了。

(2). so···that··· 分开用时，意为 ” 很 ······ ，所以 ······ ；如此 ······ 以致于 ······“so 后需接形容词，或副词。 that 后的从句表示前面原因的结果。

He is so honest (a man) that everybody trusts him.

他是一个如此诚实的人以致于大家都信任他。

及时反馈练习：

Tom shut everybody out of the study( 书房 ) ___ he could prepare for the coming exam. 、

A ． which B 。 when C 。 so that D 。 as if

答案： C

4. She is very strict-we don't dare to say a word unless she asks us to.

她非常严历，我们一句话也不敢说除非她要我们说。

strict 严格的，严厉的

典例：

We have a strict rule against smoking in our school.

在我们学校有严格的禁止吸烟的规定

常见搭配：

be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格

be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格

典例

The teacher is strict with his students.

那位老师对他的学生要求严格。

Our leader is always strict in our work.

我们的领导总是对我们的工作要求严格。

及时反馈练习：

1 ） Their parents are too serious and too ___ their children.

A. correct to B. strict with C. strict in D. strict

2 ） In a way the teacher is _____ me than my mother.

A. stricter B. more strict with C. most strict D. more strict to

3 ） ______ your work, you would have succeeded.

A. Had you been strict in B. Were you strict in

C. If you had been strict with D. Should you be strict in

答案：

1 ） B 2 ） B 3 ） A

5. There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late….

在我们班有一些总是保持上课迟到的学生

此处 who keep coming to class late 是一个限制性定语从句用来修饰先行词 students.

Keep doing sth. 一直不断地做某事

Keep on doing sth. 接连 … 反复 … 继续

Keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事

Keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

典例：

Don't keep the girl waiting outside. 不要让那个女孩总在外面等。

We keep the students from smoking. 我们不让学生吸烟。

Why do you keep (on) laughing all the time? 你们为何总是在笑？

注意： keep doing 表示状态或动作的持续 keep on doing 表示动作的反复

试比较：

He kept standing there for two hours without moving. 他站在那里两个小时一动不动。

He kept on standing in the meeting. 在会议中他一再的站起来。

6. And a few students even admit liking her!

一些学生甚至承认喜欢他。

admit 及物动词 承认； 让 … 进入；（指范围之内的场所）可容纳

典例

We have to admit that he is a highly competent man. 我们不得不承认他是以为非常称职的人

The host opened the door and admitted me( into the house). 主人打开门让我进去（到屋子里）。

The plaza admits trucks and cars. 这个停车场可停放卡车和轿车

常见搭配：

admit + n. or doing /admit + that clause/admit + n. to do sth.

典例

The thief admitted his guilt. 贼承认了他的罪行。

Tom admitted having seen her. 汤姆承认自己见过她。

Jack admitted the statement was true . 杰克承认这一陈述是事实。

You must admit the work to be difficult. 你得承认这工作是困难的。

及时反馈练习：

1 ） ordered, he, I, was not, admitted, to be, that,

2 ） must, you, the task, to be, admit, hard,

3. He, told a lie, admitted, having,

答案：

•  I ordered that he was not to be admitted.

•  You must admit the task to be hard.

•  He admitted having told a lie.

7 ． During scientific experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.

在科学实验过程中，她精确地解释发生的过程，结果我的学习不断进步。

as a result 因此；结果

as a result of 因为；由于 ...... 的结果（ as a result of 是介词短语，后面跟名词、代词、动词的 -ing 形式，相当于 because of ）

典例：

Many people helped him. As a result, he succeeded at last. 许多人帮助他，因此，他最后成功了。

As a result of the flood, many people became homeless. 由于这场洪水，许多人变得无家可归了。

及时反馈练习：英译汉

1. I was listening to music at that time. As a result, I didn't hear clearly what he said.

2. She was late as a result of the heavy snow.

答案 ：

1. 我那时正在听音乐，因此，我没有听清他说什么。

2. 由于这场大雪，她迟到了。

8. Mr. Wu's only been teaching us for two weeks and he's already very popular.

吴老师刚带了我们两个星期，但他已很受学生的欢迎。

popular 流行的；大众的；受欢迎的 常见短语： be popular among/with 在 …… 中流行

典例：

The song is very popular with the young. . 这首歌在年轻人中很流行。、

Chinese food is becoming popular among Americans. 中国菜逐渐受到美国人的欢迎。

及时反馈练习：

这位老师在学生中很受欢迎。

答案 ： The teacher is very popular with his students.

9 ． He's really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we're getting bored.

他很风趣而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时就给我们讲笑话。

joke: 可作名词亦可作动词 玩笑，笑话； 开玩笑

典例

Can you tell any good joke? 你会讲笑话么？

You mustn't joke with him about religious belief. 有关宗教信仰的事你决不可和他开玩笑。

常见搭配：

tell a joke 讲笑话

play a joke on sb 取笑某人

have a joke with sb. 和某人说笑话

典例：

She is fond of making joke. 她喜欢说笑话

On April Fool's Day, we play jokes on friends. 在愚人节，我们戏弄朋友们。

及时反馈练习

•  We played a joke _____ him.

A. about B. on C. at D. of

•  He joked______ me____ the matter.

A. on … with B. about … with

C. on … about D. with … about

答案：

1. B. 2. D.

10. I respect him a lot. 我很尊敬他。

respect: 可作名词或及特动词 尊敬，尊重

典例：

We deeply respect him. 我们十分尊敬他。

He fought bravely in many battles and gained their respect.

他在多次战役中英勇作战，从而赢得了大家的尊敬。

Please give my respects to your parents. 请代我向你的父母致意。

注意：

respect 当名词作“敬意”，“问候”讲时，要用复数形式，此时它是可数名词；作“尊敬”，“考虑”讲时是不可数名词。作“考虑”，“重视”，“关心”讲时，后接 to 或 for.

典例

He had respect to my request very much. 他非常重视我的请求

常见搭配

have /show respect for sb.( sb's opinions) 尊重某人（某人的意见）

pay one's respects to sb. 向某人致敬

give/send one's respects to sb 代向某人问候

pay respect to(=have respect for) 考虑 …

respect oneself 自尊

respect an agreement 遵守协议

典例：

Pay our respects to the heroic revolutionary fighters. 向英勇的革命战士致敬。

The leaders should pay respect to the needs of the people. 领导应该关心人民的疾苦。

Usually people don't pay respect to those who are too compliant.

一般来说人们看不起那种唯命是从 , 唯唯诺诺的人。

We should respect others, especially we should respect ourselves.

我们应当尊重他人，我们尤其应当自重。

联想：

respectable 形容词 . 可敬的，值得尊敬的

典例： What he did is respectable. 他所做的事是值得尊敬的。

respectful 形容词 恭敬的，尊敬人的

典例： The old professor was respectful of tradition. 那位老教授尊重传统。

及时反馈练习：

1 。 He was courage and unselfishness and gained his comrades_________.

A. respectable B. respectful C. respect D. respects

2 ． He was______ selfless man that everybody ______him.

A. so a … respected B. a such … respected

C. such a … respects D. such a … respected

答案：

1. C. 2. D.

11. What's the relationship between students and teachers in China?

在中国，学生和老师的关系是什么样的？

relationship 关系或关联

典例：

---- ‘ Do you know her relationship to that girl?'----- ‘She's her sister.'

“你知道她和那个女孩有什么亲戚关系吗？”“她是她的妹妹。”

The teacher has a very good relationship with her students. 这位老师和学生们关系很好。

联想：

relation. n. 关系，亲属

Manners are important to happy relations among people.

礼貌对人们之间建立和睦的关系是重要的。

relative n. 亲戚

A distance relative 远亲

辨析：

relationship, relation 和 relative

relationship 表示有血缘的直系的亲属关系，且有法律地位；而 relation 表示特别亲密的、友好的关系； relative 表示单纯的亲属关系。在法律上通用；一般情况下多用 relative.

另注意：

relation 作“关系”，“亲属”如指父子、师生、夫妻等关系时常用单数形式，如指人与人、国家与国家的相互关系时，则常用复数形式。

Is he any relation to you? 他是你的亲属么？

The relations between them are rather strained. 他们之间的关系相当紧张

及时反馈练习：

1. The ______ of the two neighbors had long been different.

A. relation B. relations C. relative D. relatively

答案：

1. B.

语法

本单元的语法重点是动词的－ ing 形式。动词的 -ing 形式是一种非限定性动词。从性质上讲它相当于名词、形容词和副词。在句子中可充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、补语、状语等。

请分析以下句子成分，标出动词的 -ing 形式充当的句子成分：

1. Nodding the head means agreement.

2. His job is selling newspapers.

3. I suggested asking his father for some money.

4. There is a swimming pool in our school.

5. I saw him crossing the road.

但是 注意 动词的－ ing 形式和不定式都可作主语和表语，一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为的多用动词的－ ing 形式；表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。有时两者都可以。分析、比较以下两组句子，注意黑体部分：

1. Smoking is forbidden here..

To smoke so much is bad for your health.

2. His hobby is swimming.

Tom's greatest wish is to be a famous poet .

另外 单个的－ ing 形式充当定语时放在被修饰的名词前 ; － ing 形式短语充当定语时放在被修饰的名词之后，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如果是代词，通常放在代词后面。

The passengers are waiting in the waiting room.

The rising sun looks very beautiful.

Those standing were asked to sit at the back.

The children practicing playing the piano over there will give a performance next week.

有些动词、动词短语习惯只搭配 动词的－ ing 形式：

avoid, excuse, mind, miss, consider, finish, suggest, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, allow, permit, advise, admit, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can't help, care for 等。

有些动词既能加动词的－ ing 形式也能加不定式做宾语但意义多有不同：

•  在 love, like, prefer, hate 后，如果表示一般倾向性，多用动名词作宾语；如果指特定的具体动作，多用不定式做宾语。

典例：

He likes playing basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。

I like to play basketball today. 我今天想打篮球。

•  begin, start 后加不定式或加动词的－ ing 形式，通常没什么区别。但是在这两个词本身使用了进行时态；主语是物不是人；其后加的是 understand, see, realize 等表示心理活动的词时，通常要用不定式，不用动词的－ ing 形式

典例：

I was beginning to get worried. 我开始着急了。

Everything begins/starts to grow. 万物复苏。

She began to understand what she really wanted. 她开始明白她真正想要的是什么。

•  在 remember, forget, stop, try, regret, mean 后加不定式和加动词的－ ing 形式意思不同。

典例：

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

remember to do sth 记得要去做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

stop to do dth 停止原来做的事开始去做某事

try doing sth 试做某事

try to do sth 努力去做某事

regret doing sth 后悔已做过某事

regret to do sth 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾

及时反馈练习：

1. giving us a talk, about, DNA, you, would, today

2. insist on , bright , Tom , telling , I, are ,you

3. today , feel like ,I ,very much ,don't , walking,

4. was, for, been, Tony, unhappy, very, invited, not having, to the party

5. information, important, very, checking,, is ,

6. a piece of , and, meat, carrying,, entering, saw, your garden, a dog, I,

答案：

1. Would you mind giving us a talk today about DNA?

2. I insist on telling Tom how bright you are.

3. I don't feel like walking very much today.

4. Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party

5. Checking information is very important.

6. I saw a dog carrying a piece of meat and entering your garden.