2014高考英语知识大串讲-第10讲

一、Language points

二、语法专题──定语从句的解题方法

1. 通读全句，判断是否为定语从句。

2. 题干若为疑问句，将其恢复为陈述语序。

3. 认真分析句中所提供的信息，确定定语从句的类型，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。

4. 确定从句中所缺的成分，从而做出正确的选择。

5. 将选项填入句子中，看语意是否通顺。

6. 在此过程中，还要注意标点符号的位置，以及并列连词but, and的作用。

三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决三

根据文化背景常识：①利用英语国家的文化背景知识，英语国家的文化背景知识包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等。我们做题时若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识，注意中西文化各方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，选出正确的答案。②结合生活常识，避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容经常与日常生活相关，因此当我们对语言的把握不准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断，这就要求我们平时既要多体验生活，又要博览群书。

例1：      Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. They are very busy working to   support   the family. They don’t act in the  romantic  ways that I read in books or I se on TV.      Flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is even more out of the question.

A. Taking             B. Passing            C. Buying             D. Sending

[分析]利用文化背景知识解答。众所周知，Valentine’s Day为西方国家的情人节，这一天情人之间、夫妻之间一般是要互送鲜花来庆祝的。因此借助这一文化背景知识很快可以选出答案。

例2：Roberta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to  speak . Now she was Portia, a strong-willed        in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. The theatre was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing  smoothly  from her.

A. member           B. actress              C. player        D. character

[分析]本题考查文化背景知识。莎士比亚为英国文学巨匠，他的作品人们耳熟能详，尤其是《威尼斯商人》更是广为人知。其中主要人物有乐于助人的安东尼奥，贪婪自私的夏洛克，还有机智、漂亮的鲍西亚。根据文意可知此题答案。

例3：Fire stations are strangely exciting places. In the normal course of events the great doors are shut, and behind them, the fire-engines wait peacefully, brightly cleaned and lovingly cared for. But the  moment  the fire alarm sounds, the huge doors open immediately and the firemen come       .

A. fleeing             B. laughing          C. jumping           D. rushing

[分析]考查生活常识。每当有火警的时候消防队员都是快速出动，此处用rushing表示方式，修饰come。Fleeing“逃逸”，laughing“笑”，jumping“跳”，均与语境不符。

例4：It was New Year’s night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep____ sky.

A. grey          B. blue          C. black         D. cloudy

[分析]考查生活常识。晚上天空的颜色一般是深蓝色。

       It was a bright Saturday morning in the late fall. I had stopped at a café to enjoy a cup of coffee and__1__ the morning newspaper. Suddenly, I__2__ a hand on the back of my jacket and heard someone say, “Hey Steve! How ya doin’?”

       __3__ up, I saw a boy wearing a mechanic’s uniform worn by employees of the gasoline station next to the café. He looked__4__, but, at first, I was unable to__5__ where we had met.

       He also held a cup of coffee, so I asked him to join me. Very soon, his__6__ and probably my coffee began to thaw(解冻) out my__7__.

       Five years earlier, he had been traveling home late on a February night. A fierce__8___ had arrived that afternoon, and by midnight, the snowdrifts were getting__9___. He recalled__10__ a drift just down the road from my house.

       He had walked to my house for__11__. I had taken my pickup and a tow-rope and__12__ his car out of the snowdrift and up to the highway where maintenance(维护) trucks had__13___ away the snow.

       This has been a__14__ occurrence here during the winter. I cannot__15__ the times someone has also pulled my car from a snowdrift.

       ___16__, it was an unforgettable experience for him, and his memory of our unexpected meeting in a snowstorm__17__ my entire day.

       Leo Buscaglia wrote, “Too often we underestimate(低估) the__18_ of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment(赞扬), or the smallest act of__19__, all of which have the potential to turn a__20__ around.”

1. A. preview B. scan          C. order         D. buy

2. A. noticed  B. got            C. caught             D. felt

3. A. Looking B. Standing   C. Rising              D. Glaring

4. A. sensitive       B. friendly            C. familiar            D. grateful

5. A. reflect   B. determine  C. regain       D. recall

6. A. story            B. experience C. appearance       D. greetings

7. A. heart            B. feeling             C. memory           D. wonder

8. A. sandstorm    B. snowstorm       C. hurricane  D. rainfall

9. A. high             B. slippery            C. thin          D. deep

10. A. blocking     B. hitting             C. knocking   D. crashing

11. A. help            B. advice              C. emergency D. shelter

12. A. pulled  B. dragged            C. pushed             D. dug

13. A. collected     B. cleared             C. threw        D. melted

14. A. basic    B. common          C. forgettable D. practical

15. A. count  B. keep          C. master              D. predict

16. A. Besides       B. Therefore  C. However   D. Otherwise

17. A. covered       B. influenced C. brightened D. filled

18. A. meaning     B. relation            C. value         D. power

19. A. caring  B. offering            C. sharing             D. forgiving

20. A. course B. fate           C. truth         D. life

       本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在咖啡馆里喝咖啡的时候，遇到了自己曾经在风雪之夜帮助过的一个年轻人。作者已经记不起对方了，但年轻人对作者给予的帮助却多年不忘。这使作者意识到一个善意的举动有多么大的力量。

1-5 BDACD   6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABBA      16-20 CCDAD