2014高考英语知识大串讲-第11讲
一、Language points
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1. lean against/on/upon+n.
n.+against/on/upon+n.
back后仰
forward俯身向前
to the left向左侧身
to/toward…：倾向…，向…倾斜 |
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2. match +n. +to/with +n.：使…（和…）调和，相配
match +n. +against/with +n.：使…（和…）交手，使…比赛 |
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3. be sure of/about +n./pron.：对…有把握，确信…
that-clause：确信
wh-clause：能确定…，知道…
sb be sure to do：一定会…的，必定…
sb be certain to do
It is certain that-clause
that-clause
make sure+ of sth/doing sth：确信，对…有把握
to do sth：一定要做… |
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4. expect+ sb/sth：期待，预料
to do sth：期望做某事
n+ to do：期望…做…
to be done：期待…被…
that-clause
…+ than/as+ clause
(it is) expected
You arrived earlier than I had expected.
expected. |
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5. appear: 不能接as if, 强调外表给人某种印象，有时含有实际并非如此。
看起来 seem：可跟as if, 暗示判断有一定的根据，这种判断往往接近事实。
look：可接like/as if，强调视觉印象，后面跟形容词 |
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6. engage sb to sb：使某人与某人订婚
get engaged to sb：与某人订婚(动作)
be engaged to sb：与某人订婚(状态)
be engaged in (doing) sth：忙于/从事某事 |
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7. It is no good/use +doing sth
There is/seems no point in doing sth
There is no need to do sth |
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8. use up=run out of 用完
give out=run out 耗尽 |
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9. rather than：而不是
other than=except
or rather：更确切地说 |
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10. get through：做完，办完，看完；通过；接通；度过；用完
go through：经历(痛苦、困难)，翻阅，参观，查看
look through：浏览
see through：看穿，看透
break through：突围
put through：把电话接通，使成交，完成
pull through：(使)恢复健康，(使)度过难关 |
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11. be present at…：出席
present adj.：做后置定语：All the people present are students.
present sth to sb 向某人颁发…，把…赠送给…
present sb with sth
for the present：暂时
up to the present：直到现在
at present：目前
present n.：礼物 |
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12. be known as/for/to/in
under debate
would like to do
feel like doing |
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13. adapt to：适合
to relate to：与…有关
为 get down to：开始做，着手
介 stick to：坚持
词 pay attention to：注意
look forward to：期望
addict oneself to：使自己沉溺于…
be addicted to：沉溺于…
devote…to…：致力于 |
二、语法专题──名词性从句的解题思路
1. 通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型。
2. 题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序。
3. 观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质。
4. 确定从句性质后回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍。
5. 注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用。
6. 将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决四
灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用。①结合语境及名词、动词词义辨析选出最佳答案：词义辨析主要集中在实词，即名词、动词、形容词和副词。设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现。这就要求我们在做题时要根据上下文语境确定答案，将意义相反或相差较大的选项剔除掉，选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、语意符合逻辑的最佳答案。②夯实基础，牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配：对含义清晰的名词、动词短语或固定搭配，可以边读边猜测答案，遇到有能和空白前后构成固定搭配的选项，只要符合文意则可以不考虑其他选项，因此我们平时要注重短语或固定搭配的积累。
例1： “Only a miracle(奇迹) can save him now”, the little girl went to her bedroom and took out her piggy bank. She emptied all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she her way six blocks to the local drugstore.
“And what do you want?” asked the chemist.
A. followed B. made C. felt D. found
[分析]考查动词词组辨析。语境为小女孩听到父母谈论她的弟弟病得很厉害，家里已没有剩下多少钱，只有奇迹能救他，于是她倒空自己的储钱罐。再结合下文问话“And what do you want? Asked the chemist.”可知她“去了”药店。Followed one’s way “跟着别人走”；made one’s way “朝…走去”；felt one’s way “摸索前进”；found one’s way “发现途径”，结合题意此处应选B。
例2：“Stop that man!” Vernon shouted. “He has a bomb!” Everywhere, passengers were____ their feet and screaming.
A. running over B. jumping over C. running to D. jumping to
[分析]考查结合语境选择动词短语的能力。上文提到，有人携带炸弹，听到这种情况人们的反应应为惊跳起来尖叫着。故选答案D。
例3：Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you you, be, and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow yourself to____ your life happen.
A. leave B. cause C. make D. get
[分析]考查动词短语习惯搭配。make sb do sth “让某人做某事”，其余各项不符合表达习惯，不可用省略to的不定式作宾补。
例4：I began to feel self-conscious . A voice said to me “Why can’t you look like her?” “____ you’re so fat?” Although I wasn’t fat…
A. When B. Because C. If only D. How come
[分析]考查习惯搭配。How come…?意为“何以会…，为什么”。全文语境为：作者所处的班级的学生都比较有钱，尤其是在穿着方面更是挑剔，更注意自己的身材，唯恐发胖。因此作者考虑到别人的情况感到不自在，尽管自己不算胖。此处意为：“你为什么看起来不能像她那样？”“你为什么会这么胖呢？”
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