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高中英语外研版必修一知识点精讲 module 5
作者:魏训刚    文章来源:本站原创    点击数:1921    更新时间:2014/5/26         ★★★

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高中英语外研版必修一知识点精讲 module 5

1. Two-thirds of the earth's surface is water. 海洋占地球表面的三分之二

(1). 分数表达法

英语中表示分数时,用基数词作分子,序数词作分母,当分子大于一时,分母要用复数形式。分子和分母之间可以用连字符连接,也可不用。

典例 : 1/3 one third ( 或 one-third); 3/5 three fifths (three-fifths)

(2) 当某物的几分之几作主语时,如果此物体本身为可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式,若为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。

典例: One third of the students don't know the answer to the question.

三分之一的学生不知道这个问题的答案。

One third of one's life is spent on the bed. 人生的三分之是在床上度过的。

Three fourths/Three quarters of the watermelon has been eaten up by him

四分之三的西瓜都被他吃光了。(即那个西瓜的四分之三)

拓展 :用法类似的词语还有 half, quarter, most, percent, rest 等。

即时反馈练习:

(1). 我们学校 1/4 的学生英语学得不好。

(2). 地球上 96.5% 的水是海洋水。

答案 :

1. One fourth of the students in our school are not good at English.

2. Ninety-six point five percent of the water on the earth is sea water.

2. conclusion n.

( 1 ) [C, U] 结论

常用搭配: arrive at/come to/ draw/reach a conclusion 获得结论 make a conclusion 做出结论

典例 : What conclusions did you come to ( draw/reach/arrive at ) ? 你得出的结论是什么?

He came to the conclusion that that was the book he had always been looking for.

他得出的结论是:那就是他一直在寻找的那本书。

His conclusion is that the peace is possible. 他的结论是:和平是可能的。

( 2 ) . 终结,结尾

典例 : I found the conclusion of the movie very interesting.

我发现那部电影的结尾很有趣。

They all clapped at the conclusion of his speech.

他的演讲结束时他们都鼓掌。

常用短语 :

(1). in conclusion 最后,作为结论;总之

典例: In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today

最后我想说我今天玩得非常开心。

In conclusion, you'd better look at the bright side of the matter.

总之,你要看到这件事积极的一面。

(2). jump to a conclusion/conclusions 轻率断定;匆忙下结论

典例: Don't jump to conclusions! You haven't got much information on it.

不要轻易下结论。你还没有掌握很多有关这件事的信息。

拓展 : conclusion 除以上意思外,还可表示“(条约等的)缔结;签订”。 如:

the conclusion of a peace treaty 和平条约的缔结

即时反馈练习:

(1). 经过这次调查之后,我们可以得出这样一个结论:铁在没有空气的水中不生锈。

(2). 最后,我想再一次对大家表示感谢。

答案:

(1). After this survey, we can draw such a conclusion: iron doesn't rust in air-free water.

(2). In conclusion, I'd like to say “Thank you” again.

3. When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen. 当使用金属时,我们要知道他们是如何与不同的物质,如水和氧气,发生反应的,这(一点)很重要。

react vi.

(1). (化学)反应 常与 with 搭配;(物理)产生反作用,排斥 常与 upon/against 连用

典例 : Aluminium reacts with steam. 铝与蒸气发生反应。

Electric charges of the same sign react against one another. 相同的电荷之间相互排斥。

(2). 对 …… 产生反应,回应 常与 to 搭配

典例 : The eye reacts to light. 眼睛对光起反应。

How did he react to your suggestion? 他对你的建议有什么反应?

The man reacted angrily to these words. 那人对这些话感到很愤怒。

(3) 反抗 常与 against 搭配

典例 : Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.

孩子们倾向于通过违背父母的愿望来反抗父母。

(4). ( 对某人某物 ) 给予反应,起作用,有影响 常与 on/upon 连用

典例 : Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶人有恶报。

His words react upon the audience. 他的话对听众有影响。

联想 : reaction n. [C,U] 反应 have a reaction with sth. 与某物发生反应

即时反馈练习 :

(1). 你认为钙会与水发生反应吗?

(2). 他对那消息没有反应。

答案:

(1). Do you think calcium reacts with water?

(2). He didn't react to the news.

4. form . vi . vt. 形成,组成;组织

典例 : A cloud of smoke formed over the burning city. 在燃烧的城市上空开成了烟雾。

A plan began to form in his mind. 一个计划在他的头脑里形成了。

She formed the clay into a lively dog.

= She formed a lively dog out of the clay. 她用泥做了一只栩栩如生的狗。

Group activities help to form a child's character. 团体活动对儿童的性格形成有帮助。

I formed Often English Club last year. 我去年组织了奥风英语俱乐部。

Ten people form the committer. 十个人组成这个委员会。

They soon formed a firm friendship. 他们很建立了稳固的友谊。

5. Iron in ordinary water 在普通水中的铁

ordinary adj. 普通的;平常的

典例: I think this movie is rather ordinary. (not particularly good)

我想这部电影是相当普通的。

My father is an ordinary farmer. 我的父亲是一个普通的农民。

辨析: common/ordinary/usual 三者均可以表示“普通的;常见的”

common 侧重于“普遍的,共同的”,指因很多人或事物共同拥有,比较常见的东西,品质等。

典例: The flower is common in spring. 这种花春天很常见。

The common people in those days suffered a lot. 当时一般民众生活很苦。

A great interest in music was common to them. 他们对音乐都有着共同的兴趣。

Yang Liwei is a hero, but a common. 杨利伟是个英雄,但也是个普通人。(指他也有普通人的感情,生活等)

common sense 常识

ordinary 侧重于“平常,平凡,无独特之处”,

典例: He is a very ordinary man, but he always thinks himself special.

他是一个很普通的人,但却总认为自己很特别。(强调他很平常, 没有什么独特的地方)

What is ordinary in one place may be very strange in another.

在一个地方很平常的事,在另一个国家可能很新奇。

usual 侧重于“通常的;常有的;习惯性的”

典例: I came into the library and sat in his usual chair. 他走进图书馆,坐在他通常的位置上。

It's usual with him to go to work on foot. 他习惯步行去上班。

It's usual for me to stay up so late. 我常常这么熬(夜)到这么晚。

6. Add some oil to the water. 在水中加些油。

add vt. 加,加起来,添加 , 补充说 (vi) 增添,添加(常与 to 连用)

典例: If you add three to seven, you get ten. 3 加 7 等于 10.

The fire is going out; will you add some wood? 火要灭了,加点柴好吗?

May I add a point? 我可以补充一点意见吗?

“I always trust you,” he added. “我总是信任你”,他补充说。

The little boy can't add yet. 小家伙还不会做加法。

The news added to his enjoyment. 这条消息增加了他的快乐。

Add up these numbers for me. 为我合计一下这些数字。

The cost adds up to 10 million yuan . 成本总计达到一千万元。

知识归纳:

(1). add A to B 把 A 加到 B 上

(2).add sth/that 补充说

(3). add to 增加

(2). add up 合计

(3). adds up to 总计达到(某个数字)

7. I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new school are excellent. 我过去从不喜欢科学(理科),但自去年改变了,我新学校的科学(理科)老师非常优秀。

used to (+ do) 过去常常 ( 做某事 )

典例 : He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to. 他现在不吸烟了,但过去常常吸。

The river in front of our village used to be clean. 我们村庄前面的河过去很干净。

I used to play badminton in the afternoon. 我过去常常下午打羽毛球。

. 辨析 :比较: used to do/ be used to doing/ be used to do sth

used to do 过去常常做某事 ( 但现在已停止 ) 。

be ( get , become ) used to dong ( 变得 ) 习惯于做某事

其前用系动词, to 在这儿作介词, 后需用动词的 ing 形式。

典例 : She is used to this kind of job. 她习惯了这种工作。

I never got used to going to bed so late. 我从不习惯于这么晚上床睡觉。

be used to do sth 被用来做某事

典例 : A pen can be used to write with. 钢笔可以(被)用来写字。

8. …and these are always very interesting, as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in their area of science. 这些(演讲)总是非常有趣,因为演讲者是那些已在他们的科学领域做出真正发现的人,

in the area of 在 …… 领域

典例 : There are many developments in the area of language teaching.

在语言教学方面有很多进展。

拓展 :同义词 in the field of 在 …… 领域

The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize there is, so we should be very proud of that. 诺贝尔奖是最高科学奖,所以我们应当为此而骄傲。

be proud of 为 …… 而感到骄傲 / 自豪

典例 : He was proud of his school record. 他以学校的成绩自豪。

Jack, you are great! We are proud of you. 杰克,你真棒!我们为你骄傲。

拓展 :

be proud to do sth. 为(做)某事而骄傲

be proud that - 从句 为某事而骄傲

典例 : I am proud to have a friend like you. 我为有一个你这们的朋友而骄傲。

I feel proud that I am a teacher. 我为我是一个老师而感到自豪。

I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University, as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments. 我想努力进入蒙特利尔或渥太华大学,因为他们的物理系都很好。

be supposed to 应当;理应;普遍认为

典例: You are supposed to arrive ten minutes earlier for a party. 你赴宴时应当提前五分钟到达。

You are not supposed to smoke in this building. 你不可在这栋建筑物内吸烟。

I haven't seen the movie, but it's supposed to be a very good one.

我还没有看过这部电影,不过(人们)普遍认为它不错

 

 

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