第16讲

一、Language points

二、题型归纳──阅读理解解题要决四──词义猜测题

利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，所考词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。

1. 根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出。因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等来连接。

例：…In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age aren’t careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts “private” so that only you can read them.

       As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one’s creative works.

Q: The underlined word “rational” probably means____.

A. strange             B. perfect             C. helpful             D. reasonable

[分析]通过本句中的定语从句“which you may regret later”可知，令人后悔的话肯定是不理智的、欠思考的，是不太合理的发泄或表达，所以D选项最贴近于“rational”的意思：合理的，有道理的。

2. 根据因果关系猜测词义。因果关系总是同时出现在文章中，有时原因在前，结果在后；有时结果在前，原因在后，因此我们可以根据这一特定的逻辑关系来推测生词的含义。

例：…Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You can’t count how many times you’ve smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.…

Q: The underlined word “smacked” in the paragraph probably means____.

A. clapped            B. hit            C. kicked              D. pushed

[分析]从本句后半部分“if it went too slow for your expectations”可知，带来的后果显然是你对机器不满意，不知道拍打了它多少次。四个选项中只有B符合。A：鼓掌，轻拍；C：踢；D：推，均不合适。

3. 根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义。有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分，分清搭配关系，是判断词义的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定划线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外，转折词but、让步条件状语从句以及unlike, in spite of, despite, however等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。

例：Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.

Q: The underlined word “moat” probably means____.

A.    a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies

B.     a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with water

C.     a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought

D.    a long and high wall around castle

[分析]从上一句中可知，它是国王的城堡，有着高高的围墙和圆形的塔楼，接下来提到的用来抵御敌人的moat不可能还是围墙或塔楼，故可以排除A、D，也不可能是马车。最符合逻辑的应该是“护城河，壕沟”，故选B。