Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
1. 被动语态
(1) 语态即表示句子中主谓关系的一种动词形式
分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的发出者。
如: They built the bridge in 2009.
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: The bridge was built (by them) in 2009.
(2).被动语态的基本结构：
主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）
如：
Trees are planted every year.
Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive.
这项工作已(被)完成了。
The work has been finished.
这种食物应放在凉爽的地方。
The food should be kept in cool places.
2. allow vt.允许；准许
[用法点睛]
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow (doing) sth.允许某事
be allowed to do sth.（被）允许做某事
My parents allowed me to go to the party.
We don’t allow smoking in the office.
在我们学校学生不准抽烟。
Students are not allowed to smoke in our school.
3. sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子
“数词-名词-形容词” 除用于构成复合名词外，更多的用作形容词，注意其中的名词要用单数。
如：
a nine-year-old girl
a thirty-meter-wide river
一个两米高的男孩
a two-meter-tall boy
一个八个月大的婴儿
an eight-month-old baby
4. get/have their ears pierced 穿耳孔
get sth. done 使某事被（别人）做；（无意中）遭遇某事
Where can I get my shoes repaired?
He had his right leg broken when playing football.
他通常每月理一次发。
He usually has his hair cut once a month.
我想找人把我的房子粉刷一下。
I want to get my house painted.
5. enough adj.足够的；adv.足够地；pron.足够；充足
[用法点睛] enough修饰名词时通常置于名词之前，修饰形容词、副词时则置于其后。
Do we have enough time to do this?
You can go to school when you’re old enough.
This house is big enough to hold 200 people.
Not enough is known about what happened.
6. stop to do/stop doing
stop to do sth.停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事
stop doing停止做某事
如：
When he heard a noise, he stopped to look out of the window.
当听到噪音时，他停下来向窗外看。
He stopped reading newspapers and started to watch TV.
他停止读报，开始看电视。
7：seem link. v. 似乎；好像是
[用法点睛] seem+(to be)+形容词/名词
seem to do
It seems (to sb.) that…（在某人看来）似乎……
如：Ann didn’t seem very sure.
It seems strange to me.
It seems that he doesn’t know anything about it.
He seems to know nothing about it.
It seems to me (that) we needn’t wait.
8. instead of 代替；而不是
[用法点睛]其后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。
Can I have an apple instead of an orange?
张先生病了，我将代替他出席会议。
Mr. Zhang is ill and I’ll attend the meeting instead of him.
He put the books on the shelf instead of in the box.
上周末我们去爬山了，没有游泳。
We went to climb the mountain instead of swimming last weekend.
注意：instead为副词，常放在句尾单独使用，置于句首时需用逗号与主句隔开。
如：
She wanted to be an actress, but she became a writer instead.
He didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become a scientist.
9. So+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 某人也一样
如： --I like listening to music.
--So do I.
--Tom’s father is an engineer.
--So is Mary’s father.
--Dashan can speak Chinese fluently.
--So can John.
注意: “So + 主语+ 系动词/助动词/情态动词”结构表示“某人的确如此”。对前一说话者的观点加以重申，以示赞同。
如：
--Tom is a great actor.
--So he is.
--Mary knows a lot about Roman history.
--So she does.
--They came here all the way on foot.
--So they did.
10. stay up
They let the kids stay up late on Fridays.
We stayed up to watch a film last night.
11. be strict with sb. 对某人严格
be strict about sth. 对某事严格
be strict in one’s work对工作要求严格
Father is very strict with me.
He is strict about work time.
Mr. Wang is very strict in his work. He seldom makes mistakes.
12. concentrate vt. vi.集中；聚集
[用法点睛]
concentrate on 全神贯注于；专心于
concentrate sth. on将……集中于……
Tom was finding it difficult to concentrate.
I’m going to concentrate on my writing for a while.
She tried to concentrate her thoughts on the problem.
请安静！我无法集中精力做作业。
Be quiet, please! I can’t concentrate on my homework.
13. be good for 对……有益处
be good at 擅长于
be good to对某人好
Green vegetables are good for you.
Swimming is good for health.
Our teacher is very strict, but he is good to us.
14. learn from 向某人学习
15. at present 目前；现在
我现在很忙。回头给你打电话。
I’m very busy at present. I’ll call you later.
16. have an opportunity/chance to do 有做某事的机会
He had an opportunity to make a speech in public last week .
17. at least 至少
at most至多
18. experience
(1)名词 [C]经历；体验；[U] 经验(in/of/)
Failing an exam was a new experience for me.
He has got a lot of experience of teaching.
[常用搭配] have experience (in) doing sth.在做某事方面有经验
I have experience teaching English.
(2)动词 经历；体验
Many people will experience problems when they are old.
Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
19. have + 时间 +off 放假；休息
We’ll have two days off next week.
20. reply
(1) 动词，多用作不及物动词
[用法指南] reply to回复；答复
I asked Tom where he was going, but he didn’t reply.
她没有回复他的信。
She didn’t reply to his letter.
He replied that he was unable to help us.
(2) 可数名词
We still haven't received a reply to our letter.
21. in the way
There was a car in the way.
Playing computer games got in the way of his studies.
in one’s way挡某人的路
Hi, you are in my way.
22. achieve vt. 完成；实现；取得
Francis achieved very good exam results.
Everybody wants to achieve success but not all people can achieve their dreams.
He achieved his dream of becoming a director.
23. be serious about 严肃对待；认真对待某事
Is she serious about giving up her job?
Are you really serious about this?
24. care about 关心；担心
The only thing he seems to care about is money.
I care about him and hate to see him hurt like this.
除了玛丽没有人关心他。
Nobody cares about him except Mary.
25. succeed vi. 成功；达到；完成
[用法点睛]：succeed in (doing) sth.
He succeeded in finding a cure for his illness.
他们成功地在河上架起了一座桥。
They succeeded in building a bridge across the river.
[同根词]
success n. [C U]成功；成功的人或事
successful adj.成功的
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