2014高考英语知识大串讲-第4讲

一、Language points

二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点

1. 形容词和副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应注意这几点：(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为“所以”，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨。常见的有：close接近──closely仔细地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近──nearly几乎；   hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；

wide宽阔──widely广泛地；easy从容地──easily容易地

(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm等。

2. 形容词和副词的词序：

(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enough time/time enough; strong enough。

(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，something important。

(3)as, how, so, too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，too large a room; how interesting a film; Mike is as clever a boy as Tom。

(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，such a large room; 但名词前是one, some, many, all, no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。

(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用途＋被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all, both, half, double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much, whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few, last, next, other, another, more, less, most, several, least, plenty of等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词。

(6)倍数的表示法：A is n times  bigger than   B.

                             as big as

                            the size of

John has five times as many books as mine.

3. 形容词和副词的比较等级：

(1)当A>B时，比较级＋than

(2)当A>B，且B包含A时

He is older than any of the other boys(=any other boy) in his class.

当A>B，但B不包含A时

He is richer than any of the people here.

I’m taller than any student of your class.

(3)比较级＋and＋比较级：表示自身的变化

   The＋比较级，the＋比较级：表示随之变化。

(4)“否定词＋谓语＋比较级”相当于最高级

I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有：cpmparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly), excellent(ly), extreme(ly), perfect(ly), complete(ly)等。

(6)more+原级+than: 与其说…不如说…。

(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有：any, even, far, much, rather, still, yet, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, 但不可加very, many, more, fairly, quite(但quite better除外)。

4. 形容词和副词的成分区别：

(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, ill, well, 若要作定语，则分别改用frightened, similar, living, lone, shy, sleeping, waking, sick, healthy; 有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。

(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。

He hurried home, full of fear./ All men all created equal.

三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空

在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级。

1. ----Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty?

----Mom, I____ my store room downstairs.

A. cleaned     B. have cleaned    C. was cleaning  D. have been cleaning

2. ----I think Gorge doesn’t really care for TV plays.

  ----Right, ____ he still watches the program.

A. and    B. but            C. or                     D. so

3. If you can’t come tomorrow, we’ll____ have to hold the meeting next week.

A. yet     B. even          C. rather        D. just

4. I’m going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything____ to your brother there?

A. to take             B. to be taken       C. taken D. take

5. We are sure everything here____ by the time you come back from abroad in a few years.

A. had changed                   B. will have changed   

C. had been changed           D. will have been changed

6. Hello, you____ 323-65668. I’m sorry but I’m unable to answer your call right now.

A. reached     B. are reaching    C. have reached         D. had reached

7. The meeting is not over, and you____ not leave.

A. will    B. shall          C. may          D. need

8. Had I learnt English well, I____ the interview for the job tomorrow.

A. would take  B. would have taken C. shall take  D. could be taken

9. Bob is____ honest boy, and he won’t tell lies.

A. most  B. the most          C. a most              D. very much

10. With the doctor’s treatment, Sally feels____ better now.

A. very   B. fairly         C. so             D. quite

11. Though the ship sunk, all the people on her____ be resuced.

A. could B. should              C. had to       D. were able to

12. We will all appreciate____ you can come to join us in developing my hometown.

A. that if              B. it if    C. it that D. that when

13. ____ he said to us yesterday____ true?

A. What can, was B. That can, was

C. Can what, be           D. Can that, be

14. He told me that he would remember the days in Beijing University forever____ he got much help there from Professor Zhu.

A. where       B. which       C. that    D. when

15. ____ is what he did, not what he said, that moved us greatly.

A. It              B. This          C. Which              D. As

1-5 DBDBD  6-10 BBACD  11-15 DBCDA