四级词汇

Unit 6 Section A

1. detect v notice or discover (sth) 察觉,发现；探测
He was detected in the act of breaking into her house.
他闯入她屋子时被人当场发现。

2. experimental adj 实验的,用作实验的,
The drug is still at the experimental stage.
这种药还处在实验阶段。
Link: experiment n 实验experimental adj实验的

3. wax v increase, grow 变大,增强; n 蜡
Her feelings for John wax and wane. 她对约翰的感情时好时坏。
Link:(反义词)：wane v变小

4. destruction n 破坏,摧毁
The destruction of the city by the earthquake was serious.
地震对该市造成了严重的破坏。
Link: destroy v破坏  destructive adj破坏性的

5. withstand v bear or oppose successfully 经受,承受,顶住
A politician must be able to withstand public criticism.
政治家必须能够经受得起公众的批评。

6. weld v join two pieces of metal together by melting 焊接
The car has had a new wing welded on 这辆汽车焊上了一个新的挡泥板。

7. joint n&v shared between two or more people 共有的,联合的
Do you and your husband have a joint bank account
你和丈夫共有一个银行账户？

8. architect n建筑师,设计师
Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
每个人都是自己命运的设计师。
Link: architect n 建筑师architecture n 建筑学,建筑风格

9. horizontal adj parallel to the horizon; flat; level 与地平线平行的, 水平的
His shirt was a pattern of vertical and horizontal lines.
他的衬衫上是一种纵横线条的图案。
Link: (反义词)：vertical adj垂直的, 竖的, 立式的

10. beam n &v 愉快地微笑; 发光,发热; 播送(消息、电视节目等)
Her face is beaming with delight. 她高兴得眉开眼笑。

11. pillar n a strong supporter of sth 有力的支持者；栋梁
Fanny is a pillar of the chess club. 范妮是象棋俱乐部的核心人物。

12. enclose v 围住,包住, 把…装入信封,附寄
The fence that enclosed the house was painted white.
房子周围的篱笆被漆成白色。
Link: enclose v围住, 包住enclosure n包围, 附件

13. besides adv in addition ; also 而且,此外
It’s too late to go for a walk now, besides, it’s beginning to rain
现在出去散步太晚, 再者, 天又下雨了

14. cabinet n 内阁
Members of the cabinet were chosen by the Prime Minister.
内阁成员是由首相挑选的。

15. fasten v secure or fix (sth) firmly 使牢固,使固定
Please keep your seatbelt fastened while the seatbelt is on.
当安全带指示灯亮时,请系紧安全带。
  Link: fast adj 紧的，快的take fast hold of 紧紧抓住

16. battery n a group of things that are kept together 一套,一组，电池
They've got a battery of cooking pots in their kitchen
他们厨房里有一套炊具。

17. spade n 铲子,锹
He uses a spade to dig the garden 他用铁锹在花园里挖土。

18. rope n&v fasten or bind with rope 用绳捆或扎
The animals were roped together. 那些牲畜被用绳子拴在一起。
Link: rope in 说服

19. extinguish v 使熄灭, 扑灭, 使(希望、爱情、感情等)破灭
Nothing could extinguish his love for her. 没有什么能阻止他对她的爱。
Link: extinguisher n灭火器

20. auxiliary adj giving help or support; additional 辅助的,补助的,附加的
an auxiliary petrol tank 备用的汽油箱

21. fragment n&v(cause to) break into small pieces （使）成碎片
Ownership of the large estates is increasingly fragmented.
这一大笔地产的所有权逐渐地四分五裂了。

22. chaos n a state of complete confusion and lack of order 混乱,无秩序
Snow and ice have caused chaos on the roads. 冰雪造成道路上秩序混乱。
Link: chaos n混乱chaotic adj混乱的

23. sensible adj 明智的,合情理的 sense n 感官,理解力
It was sensible of her to postpone the trip. 她推迟旅行是明智的。
Link: sensible adj明智的sensitive adj敏感的sentimental adj多愁善感的

24. accuracy n being exact 精确（性）,准确（性）
It is impossible to say with any accuracy how many are affected.
无法精确地说出有多少受到影响。
Link: accurate adj准确的

25. occurrence n the fact of sth happening 发生,出现
The occurrence of storms delayed our trip. 暴雨延误了我们的旅行。
Link: occur v发生,出现occurrence n发生,出现

26. resistant adj offering resistance 抵抗的,对抗的
Why are you so resistant to change? 你为何如此反对改变？
Link: resistant a resistance n

27. precaution n an action which prevent sth from happening 预防,预防措施
The doctor advised us to take every precaution so as not to catch cold.
医生建议我们要采取一切措施预防感冒。

28. watch … for: look at or observe sth for 留意, 观察
Watch this space for notice of our next sale.
留意这块版面上我们下一次销售的广告。
Link: watch for等待; watch out小心

29. come out of: leave 离开, 从...出来
The hungry criminals came out of their hiding place.
饥饿的罪犯从藏身处出来了。

30. after all it must be remembered 应该记住, 别忘了，毕竟
She can't understand. After all, she's only two.
她是不会明白的。别忘了,她只有两岁。

31. attach sth to sth fasten or join sth to sth 把某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上
Please attach a label to each piece of luggage.
请将标签系在每一件行李上。
Attached is my resume. 附件是我的简历。

32. in addition (to) as an extra person, thing or situation (to) 加之；除...之外
The boss worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition
老板要他每天干16个钟头的活, 还打他。

33. at work at the place where one works; doing work 在工作的地方；在工作
Please don't ring me at work. 上班时请不要给我打电话。

34. put out cause to stop burning 熄灭,扑灭
Firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员很快就扑灭了那场火。

35. agree on have the same opinion about 就…达成一致意见
We couldn't agree on the date when to meet.
我们未能就见面的日期达成一致意见。

36. be busy with have much to do; work on 忙于,忙碌
I'm busy with writing letters. 我正忙着写信。

37. check in report one's arrival 登记,报到
He works at the desk, checking in the guests.
他在服务台工作,为旅客办理登记手续。

38. make a difference have an effect on sb or sth (对某人或物)有影响/起作用
A week's holiday made a lot of difference to her health.
一个星期的假期对她的健康有很大作用。

39. a school of : n a group 一群
The sound of his music attracted a school of dolphins.
他的音乐声引来了一群海豚。

40. concerning: prep. about; with regard to, 关于
Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable to us.
关于你的信, 我很高兴通知你, 你的计划对我们来说是完全可以接受的。

Unit 6 Section B

1. perception n an opinion 认识, 观点, 看法
Those paintings represent the artist's perceptions and experiences.
那些绘画作品反映了艺术家的观念和经历。
Link: perceive v认识到，看出 perception n认识, 观点, 看法

2. accordance n一致, 和谐act in accordance with 与…一致
We should act in accordance with the law. 我们应依法办事。
Link: accord n&v 使一致according to prep按照  accordingly adv由此

3. duration n the length of time that sth lasts持续, 持续期间
He planned a stay of two years' duration 他计划呆两年。

4. rotate v (cause to) move in circles, take turns （使）旋转,转动, 轮流
The satellite slowly rotates as it circles the Earth.
卫星在绕地球旋转的同时缓慢地自转。
Link: rotate v转动rotation n转动

5. circular adj shaped like a circle; round 圆形的, 圆的
a circular walk 环形人行道
Link: circle n&v环绕，圆圈circulate v 循环 circulation n循环，流通

6. primitive adj 原始的,早期的,简陋的,粗糙的
They built a primitive shelter out of tree trunks.
他们用树干建造了一个简陋的棚子。

7. shell n&v remove the shell of (sth) 剥...的壳
You have to shell peas before eating them. 吃豌豆前得先剥壳。

8. flourish v grow or develop successfully 茂盛,繁荣,兴旺
Four years ago, the country's tourist industry was flourishing.
四年前,这个国家的旅游业繁荣起来。

9. evolution n the process of gradual development and change进化，演变,发展
Political evolution is a slow process. 政治变革是一个缓慢的过程。
Link: evolve v进化，演变evolution n 进化，演变

10. proportional adj corresponding in size, amount (to sth)与...成比例的
The pay will be proportional to the amount of time put in
报酬将与投入的时间成比例。
Link: proportion n 比例 in proportion to 与...成比例

11. restraint n 克制, 抑制, 约束
I think you showed great restraint in not hitting him after what he said.
听了他的那种话你居然没有揍他,我认为你表现了很大的克制力。
Link: restrain v 抑制  restraint n克制, 抑制, 约束

12. renew v 更新,补充；注入新的生命和精力,使恢复
We renewed our old friendship. 我们又恢复了昔日的友谊。

13. manufacture v&n invent (an untrue story, reason, etc.) 编造, 制造
The little boy manufactured a tale for his absence from school.
小男孩为自己缺课编造了一个故事。

14. oppose v disagree with, often by speaking or fighting against 反对,反抗
We opposed the plan because of the cost. 我们反对该计划, 因为费用太高。

15. accelerate v make (sth) happen faster or sooner 加速,促进
The car suddenly accelerated. 汽车突然加速了。

16. collective adj 集体的,共同的
This is a collective decision 这是集体的决定。
Link: collect v 收集 collective adj 集体的  collection n 收集
 
17. exceed v go beyond (a certain limit) 超过, 胜过, 越出
You were exceeding your duty in opening those letters.
你拆阅那些信件是越权了。

18. protective adj 保护的,防护的
We have to wear protective clothing from getting burned.
我们必须穿防护衣,以防被火烧伤。
Link: protect v保护 protective adj保护的  protection n保护

19. remote adj not connected (with sth)关系疏远的,脱离的
His stories are too remote from everyday life.
他的小说所描写的内容与日常生活相距太远。

20. retain v keep or continue to have (sth) 保留,保存
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
她没能保住对公司的控制权。
Link: remain 剩余(被留下)；retain 保留（主动保持某些有价值的东西）
]
21. threat n威胁, 凶兆, 构成威胁的人或事
While the killer goes free, he is a threat to everyone in the town
当杀手还在逍遥法外时,他对于镇上的每一个人都构成威胁。
Link: threat n威胁  threaten v威胁

全真考题：[CET-4: 1995.6]
The survival of civilization as we know it is  C   threat.
A. within       B. towards      C. under       D. upon
句意：正如我们所知,文明面临着生存威胁。
解析：under threat面临威胁, 是固定搭配。

22. abuse v&n make bad or wrong use of ; treat (sb) badly滥用 虐待
I promised not to abuse her kindness. 我答应不辜负她的好意。

23. ignorant adj lacking education无知的Be ignorant of对…不了解
It was an ignorant remark for someone claiming to be an expert.
对一个自称专家的人来说这是一句显露浅薄的话。
Link: ignore v 不理，忽视  ignorance n无知

24. manual adj done with the hands 手工制作的, 人工的
Mary is expert at doing manual skill.玛利擅长于手工工艺。

全真考题：[CET-4:2002.1]
The ship’s generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated C instead of
mechanically.
A. artificially     B. automatically      C. manually      D. synthetically
句意：船的发电机出故障了,只能用手工操作泵, 不能用机器了。
解析：A.人造地；B. 自动地；C. 人工地；D. 综合地

25. compared to/with in comparison with 跟…相比
She is a quiet person, compared with him. 跟他相比,她算是个言语不多的人。

26. in other words: expressed in a different way 换句话说,也就是说
In other words, you think he should leave. 也就是说,你认为他应该离开。

27. in accordance with according to 依照；与...一致
What he did was in accordance with what he said. 他言行一致。

28. be formed from: be made from 由…构成, 由…做成
Clouds are formed from drops of liquid hanging in the air.
云由悬在空中的水滴构成。

29. take to 开始 (从事)；喜欢上
John has taken to drinking too much recently. 最近约翰沉湎于喝酒。
Link: take to doing开始 (从事)

30. in terms of : with regard to; concerning 就…而论
In terms of money, the job is good.就钱而论,这工作不错。

全真考题：[CET-4:1998.1]
Many of the scientists are judged  D how great their achievements are.
A. in spite of    B. in ways of   C. in favor of    D. in terms of
句意：多数科学家是按照他们的成就多大来评价的。
解析：A. 不管,不顾 B. 无此搭配 C. 支持,赞成 D. 按照, 从…方面来说

31. bring about: cause to happen 使发生
Major changes will have to be brought about in British industry.
英国工业必须做出重大的改变。

32. out of proportion to sth 与...极不成比例的, 大大超过...的
The pay is out of proportion to the work. 工资与工作不相称。

33. survive on continue to live on or exist by 靠…活下来,靠…生存
Life is hard at the moment, but we're surviving on the savings.
虽然目前生活艰难, 但是我们靠着积蓄活下来。

34. use up: use (material, etc.) until no more is left 用尽, 用光
Who's used up all the milk? 谁把牛奶都倒光了？

35. in harmony with agreeing with; matching 与…协调一致,与…相配
His tastes are in harmony with mine. 他的爱好与我的相同。

36. take advantage of make use of 利用
I think she's taking advantage of me, using me for her own gains.
我认为她在利用我, 用我为她自己谋利。

37. hunger for sth: strong desire for sth 得到某事物的渴望
Kate has a real hunger for adventure. 凯特真的渴望冒险。

38. live with: accept or tolerate 接受,容忍
It's hard to live with the knowledge that you are a failure.
很难接受你已失败这个事实。

39. give back: return 归还
Could you give back my pen? 你能把我的笔还给我吗？

40. take away: remove; carry away 拿走,带走
I've just come in to take the dirty dishes away. 我只是进来把脏盘子拿走。

 
Unit 7 section A

1. festival n .holiday节日；喜庆日
Christmas is one of the festivals of the Christian church.
圣诞节是基督教的节日之一。

2. distribute v spread out through an area分配; 散布
Population growth will not be evenly distributed among the world’s regions.
在世界各地区,人口增长将不会均匀分布。
Link: distribute sth to把某物分给...
    
3. executive adj 执行的,行政的；主观,行政官
CEO is the short form for chief executive officer.
CEO是首席执行官的缩写形式。
Link: execution n 执行,实行,履行ð execute v 施行,执行,完成
  
4. discount n&v 折扣, 打折
I bought the book at 15% discount. 我以八五折买来此书。

5. headquarters n 总部,司令部
establish/set up headquarters建立总部
Link: head(头)+quarters(地区) ð头脑们的所在地ð总部

6. circulate v（使）移动,（使）流通,（使）流传, 散布, 传播
  The heart circulates blood round the body. 心脏使血液在身体中循环流动。

7. counter n&v 柜台，反击, 反对, 反抗
Take your groceries to the checkout counter. 把你的货品拿到柜台付账。

8. delivery n 投递, 送交；分娩
  All goods must be paid before delivery.所有货物必须先付钱后发货。
Link: deliver v 投递,送交：to deliver goods to the door 送货上门

9. soar v: increase 猛增, 剧增
  Their ambitions soared to the skies. 他们壮志凌云。

10. formula n (pl formulas/formulae)原则, 方案, 公式,方程式; 配方
   Drinking and driving is a formula for trouble.
酒后开车是引起事故的不变法则。
Link: formulate v 明确地表达ð formulation n 明确的表达

11. spray v&n 喷, 喷射, 浪花, 水花
   He sprayed the flowers with water. 他撒水浇花。
Link: sprayer n 喷雾器

12. moist adj：wet 潮湿的,湿润的
  His eyes were moist with tears. 他的眼睛泪水汪汪。
Link: moist adj潮湿的, 湿润的ð moisten v使湿润ð moisture n湿润

13. via prep using, through通过, 经由  
He traveled to London via Honking. 他取道香港去伦敦旅行。  

14. bloom n&v 花, 开花
The party bloomed with joy and good fellowship.晚会充满欢乐友好的气氛。
Link: in bloom花盛开着 in the bloom of beauty正当豆蔻年华

15. bankrupt adj. 破产的; 无力还债务者
   The company went bankrupt because of its poor management.
那家公司因经营不善而破产。

16. amid prep: among在…之中
   Amid warm applause the honored guests mounted the rostrum.
在热烈的掌声中贵宾们登上了主席台。

17. import n&v输入品；进口货; 输入, 进口
Machinery is one of our imports. 机械是我们的进口货物之一.
Link: export n&v 出口货；出口

18. breadth n 宽度, 阔度
What's the breadth of this river? 这条河的宽度是多少？
   Link: broad adj 宽的

19. margin n 书页边的空白处；边缘； 余地
He is on the margin of death. 他已濒临死亡。

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2003.6]
You shouldn’t have written in the C since the book belongs to the library.
A. interval          B. border        C. margin           D. edge
句意：你不应该在页边乱写的,因为这是图书馆的书。
解析：Ａ.时间的间隔 Ｂ. 边界  Ｃ.页边的空白 Ｄ. 具体的事物的边缘

20. launch v&n 开办,创办; 发射
 The government launched a new plan to build more houses.
政府开始了建设更多新房的计划。

21. release v&n 释放; 发表(消息); 发行(影片), 出版
   to release a prisoner释放犯人
a recently released film新发行的电影

全真考题：[CET-4: 002.6]
The energy B by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.
A. transferred  B. released  C. delivered  D. conveyed
句意：连锁反应所释放的能量被转移为热量了。
解析：Ａ.迁移,调动 Ｂ. 释放,发布；Ｃ.递送, 引渡 Ｄ.传达, 搬动

22. unload v 卸货；卸下
They are unloading cargo from a ship.他们正从船上卸下货物。
Link: load v&n 装载 ð upload v添加ð download v下载ð loan n贷款

23. chase v&n 追赶; 匆忙地走, 奔跑；追捕；追猎 chase after …追…
How can we chase these fears from her mind?
我们怎样才能驱散她心中的恐惧?
Link: chaser n 追捕者

24. rival n&v competitor对手, 竞争者; 抗衡；与…匹敌
He is one of his rivals in love他是他的一个情敌。
Link: rival adj竞争的, 对抗的

25. bundle n&v 捆；束；包; 包扎
   We bundled everything into the drawers. 我们把一切东西胡乱塞进抽屉里。

26．go out of style: be out of date; go out of fashion过时；不在时兴
Long hair definitely went out of style now. 留长发现在肯定不再流行。
Link: in style 有气派的,合乎时尚的ð come into style 开始流行

27．offer sth to sb: give sth to sb 想某人提供
    The booklet offers practical advice to people with housing problems.
这本小册子向有住房问题的人提供了切实可行的建议。
Link: offer后面常连接动词不定式to do; 或介词to表示对象

28. range from … to…在一定范围内变化或扩展
Leather shoes range from $10 a pair to $200.
皮鞋售价每双十美元至200美元不等。

29. be left over剩下来, 留下来
   All the food that was left over has been thrown away.
   所有吃剩的食物都被扔了。
Link: leave a matter over推迟处理某事

30．hold down: keep at a low level; keep down抑制, 缩减  
The bank rate has been held down. 银行利率被压低了。

31．account for: explain解释,说明; (在数量上)占
    Can you account for the failures in our experiment?
你能解释我们实验失败的原因吗?
Link: on account of因为；由于

32. nothing but: only只
We could see nothing but water. 除了水, 我们什么都看不见。
Link: anything but决不: It is anything but perfect. 它决不是完美无缺的。

全真考题：[CET-4 1997.6]
When he arrived, he found  A  the aged and the sick at home.
A. none but    B. none other than  C. nothing but  D. no other than
句意：当他到达时,他发现只有老弱病残在家。
解析：Ａ.只有…人 Ｂ.不是别的, 正是 Ｃ. 只有 Ｄ.只有, 正是

33. get a break: be lucky 交好运,时来运转
   He got a break and made a big fortune. 他时来运转,发了大财。
Link: get a tax break 获得减税优惠;  suffer a mental break 精神崩溃

34．on one’s side 对某人有力；赞同某人意见
   I’m on your side in this issue. 在这问题上我站在你那一边。
Link: by/at the side of 在…旁边; from all sides/from every side 从各方面

35．long for sth: long after渴望,极想
    People are longing for peace. 人们渴望和平。

Unit 7 Section B

1. downwards adv 向下
As the river flows downwards, it widens.这条河愈到下游愈宽。
Link: upwards adv向上

2．ceremony n礼仪, 典礼; 礼节
   The marriage ceremony took place in the church. 婚礼在教堂举行。
Link: with ceremony正式, 隆重; without ceremony不拘礼节地, 随便地

3. exclude v 排除, 把...关在外面; 不把...包括在内
    They excluded people under 18 from joining the club.
他们拒绝接纳十八岁以下的人加入俱乐部。
Link: exclusive adj排斥的, 专一的ð exclusion n 排斥, 拒绝，

4. beneath prep. 在…之下；紧靠…底下
Shall we rest in the shade beneath these trees?
我们在树下阴凉处休息一下好吗？
Link: beneath adv在下方：the heaven above and the earth beneath 天上和地下

5. claw n&v 爪, 脚爪; （用爪子）撕, 拉
  Their favorite cat clawed a hole in my stocking.
他们家宠爱的猫在我的袜子上抓破了个洞。
Link: draw in one's claws抑制怒气, 收敛锋芒, 放弃强硬办法

6. bore n&v 钻孔; 使人讨厌(的人/事)
   I'm bored with this job. 我对这件工作厌烦了。
Link: boring adj令人厌烦的ð bored 感到厌烦的

7. respective adj分别的, 各自的
  All men have their respective duties. 各人有各人的职责。
Link: respectively adv各自地, 分别地

8. conquer v: take over; defeat 征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服(困难等)
Modern medical science has conquered many diseases.
现代医学征服了许多疾病。
Link: conquest n 征服, 克服

9. metric adj米制的, 公制的
We use metric system.我们使用米制。
Link: meter n 米

10．drag v 拖, 拉, 勉强地捱；磨蹭着走
    They dragged the river for the missing child.
他们在河里打捞失踪的孩子。
Link: drag n 阻碍物；拖累的东西; 枯燥乏味的事情

11.  whistle v&n 吹哨, 拉汽笛, 吹口哨; 哨声, 汽笛
He whistled to his dog. 他对他的狗吹口哨。 ]

12. approximate v 接近
The design approximates perfection. 这个设计几乎是完美的。
Link: approximate adj接近的: be approximate to ð approximation n接近

13．underground adj 地下的; 秘密地；暗中地
There is an underground room in the old house. 老房里有一个地下室。
Link: underground n 地铁 to travel by underground(= tube)坐地铁旅行

14. creep v爬, 蹑手蹑脚, 蔓延
The thief crept along the corridor. 那贼偷偷地在走廊上潜行。
Link: creep adj 胆怯的; 易惊的

15. spur v&n 刺激, 鞭策, 激励, 鼓励
Pride spurred the man to fight.自尊心刺激他去决斗 。
Link: on the spur of the moment一时冲动之下; 不假思索地

16. sightseeing n 游览, 观光
    Would you like going sightseeing? 你喜欢观光吗？

17．invasion n 侵略；侵犯
cultural invasion文化侵略
Link: invade v 入侵,侵犯ð invasion

17. punctual adj 准时的；按时的be punctual in/for 准时或按时做某事
    If you are punctual you are not late.如果你严守时间, 你就不会迟到。
Link: punctual adj ð punctually adv 准时地 ð punctuality n守时, 准时

19．freight n&v load (装)货, 船货, 运费, 货运; 使充满
Every word the professor said was freighted with meaning.
教授的每一句话都是意味深长的。
Link: freightless adj 无货的

20. equivalent adj相等的, 相当的 be equivalent to相当于... ,等于, 与... 等效
He changed his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars.
他把英镑换成了等值的美元。
Link: equal adj 相等的ðequality n 平等, 同等ð equivalence n 等价物

21.  pray v 祈祷, 恳求, 请pray sb to do sth 请求某人做某事
We pray you for mercy.我们求您发慈悲。
Link: prayer n 祷告；祈求

22．faulty adj有过失的, 有缺点的, 不完美的, 不完善的
This is a faulty reasoning. 这是个错误的推理。
Link: faultily adv 有过失地, 不完美地ð faultiness n 过失, 不完美

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2003.1]
His wife is constantly finding  C with him, which makes him very angry.
A. errors        B. shortcomings       C. fault         D. flaw
句意：他的妻子不断找他的茬, 使他非常生气。
解析：Ａ.错误；  Ｂ. 缺点  Ｃ.过错, 过失 Ｄ.斑点
      ☞ to find fault with sb 找某人的茬，吹毛求疵

23. up-to-date adj: modern直到现在的, 最近的, 当代的, 新式的
up-to-date equipment现代化的装备

24. pessimistic adj悲观地 pessimist n 悲观主义者 pessimism n 悲观主义
   This might account for his pessimistic views.
这也许是他持悲观主义观点的原因。
Link: (反义词) optimistic a 乐观的

25. shrug v&n 耸肩
   She shrugged and said ‘I don't know.’ 她耸耸肩说“我不知道。”
Link: shrug off不屑一顾；一笑了之

26. reckon v计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想
I reckon him as a friend. 我把他当作朋友。
Link: reckon on /upon 依赖, 依靠; 对...做出假设, 设想

27. behind schedule：later ( on, before ) the planned 比预定计划晚
   The plane is two hours behind schedule. 飞机晚点两小时。
Link: on schedule准时; ahead of schedule提前

28. if not for：if it were not / had not been for 要不是
If it were not for his help, we would not be alive today.
如果不是他的帮助,我们今天就不会活在这里了。

29. have sth in common有共同之处out of (the) common不寻常的,特殊的
They have many ideas in common 他们有很多共同的观点。
Link: have nothing in common (with) (与...)没有共同之处

30. die out: disappear; extinct消亡；逐渐灭绝
   Neighborhood shops are dying out because of the supermarket stores.
由于超级市场的出现, 街头小店正在逐渐消失。
Link: die away逐渐消失 die down逐渐减弱 die off相继死去

31. drag through: go through slowly （使）缓缓通过
  The road is so crowded that the car is dragging through it with difficulties.
道路如此拥挤, 汽车费劲地缓慢通过。

32. go back to: date back to; trace back to 回溯, 追溯到
   Chinese history can go back to 5,000 years ago.
中国历史可以追溯到五千年前。

33．accuse sb of : charge sb with sth .谴责, 控告
  The middle-aged man has been accused of murdering his wife.
这个中年人被控告谋杀他的妻子。

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2003.1]
The shop assistant was dismissed as she was A of cheating customers.
A. accused       B. charged   C. scolded    D. cursed
句意：该售货员因被指责为欺诈顾客而被解雇。
解析：Ａ. 谴责,控告 Ｂ.指控 (与with连用)   Ｃ.责备   Ｄ.诅咒

34. in case: lest; for fear that 免得,以防
   Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
你就把帽子戴上, 以防太阳太厉害。

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2003.6]
Don’t let the child play with scissors A_ he cuts himself.
A. in case     B. so that     C. now that       D. only if
句意：别让孩子玩剪刀,以防他伤着自己。
解析：Ａ.以防万一  Ｂ.以便  Ｃ. 既然 Ｄ. 只有

35．a matter of time只是时间问题而已a matter of course理所当然的事
   The war will occur without doubt. It is a matter of time.
   战争一定会发生,只是时间早晚问题。
Link: a matter of life and death生死攸关的事
 
Unit 8 section A

1.  implication n牵连, 含意, 暗示by implication含蓄地, 用寓意
    legal and moral implication 在法律和道德上的寓意
Link: imply v意味,暗指ðimplicate v牵连,卷入ð implication牵连, 暗示

2.  fiction n 虚构, 编造, 小说
    science fiction科学小说, 科学幻想故事
Link: fictional adj 小说的，虚构的

3.  draft v&n草稿, 草案, 草图; 起草, 为...打样, 设计
a draft for a speech讲话底稿
to draft a bill起草法案

4.  guideline n principle 指导方针,准则
The guideline on price and incomes are made by the government.
物价和收入的指导原则由政府来制定。

5．prohibit v forbid 禁止, 不许prohibition n 禁止,禁令
   Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials.
在处理易爆物时,严格禁止吸烟。
Link: prohibit doing禁止做 prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事

6. relativity n 相对性, 相关性, [物]相对论
the Theory of Relativity 相对论
Link: relative adj 有关系的, 相对的ðrelatively adv 相对地

7. split (split split)v&n (使)裂开, 分裂, 分离; 裂口, 裂痕
    My trousers split when I sat down 当我坐下时,裤子被撕开了。

8. mount v: descend 增加, 上升；攀登；爬上
    The old lady can mount the stairs only with difficulty.
这位老妇人上楼梯十分艰难。
Link: dismount v 使下马; 使掉下；(从支架、台子上)取下, 卸下

9. nucleus (pl. nucleuses, nuclei ): core; center 核, 核心, 中心
    play the role of a nucleus起核心作用
Link: nuclear adj原子的: nuclear war 核战ð nucleus n 核心

10.  resemble v: be like; take after 象, 类似
He strongly resembles his father.他酷似他的父亲。
Link: resemble v象, 类似（不用进行时和被动态）ð resemblance n相似

11. minor adj 较小的, 次要的, 二流的, 未成年的minority n少数
The young actress was given a minor part in the new play.
这个年轻女演员只分到这出新戏中一个次要的角色。
Link: major adj较多的,主要的ð majority n多数

12．detection n察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测, 发现
The submarines were able to withdraw without detection
潜水艇撤退时没有被察觉。
Link: detect v 发觉, 觉察ð detective n侦探ðdetection n察觉, 侦查

13．Breed（breed breed）v&n (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养; 品种, 种类
The islanders are a strong breed of people.
这些岛上的居民是一种体格强壮的人。
Link: breed up养育, 教育, 养成

14. organ n 器官, 机件, 元件; 嗓音; 机关, 机构, 编制
The eyes are the organs of sight. 眼睛是视觉器官.
Link: organic adj有机的ðorganism n 生物,有机体ðorganization n组织

15．donor n捐赠人, 赠与者
blood donor献血者
Link: donate v 捐献ð donation n 捐献物

16. fatal adj致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的; 不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的
The loss of all my money was fatal to my plan
亏损对我的计划是致命的。
Link: fatally adv 致命地ð fatalist n 宿命论者ð fatalness n 致命

17. tissue n 薄纸, 纸；组织
She used paper tissues to blow her nose. 她用纸巾擤鼻子。
Link: tissue n 薄纸, 纸；组织

18. code n&v 代码, 代号, 密码, 编码; 编码
The letter was written in code and I could not understand it.
信是用密码写的,我看不懂。

19. technician n 技术员, 技师
Mary is training to be a technician
玛丽正在接受培训, 准备成为一名技术员。
Link: technique n 技术ð technician n 技术员, 技师

20.  phrase n&v 短语, 习语, 惯用语, 成语, 措词; 用短语表达
The passage is badly phrased. 这段话措词很糟。
Link: catch phrase警句, 妙句 set phrase 固定词组

21. confusion n混乱, 混淆confuse v 使混乱
He is in a state of mental confusion. 他精神错乱。
Link: confusing adj 令人迷惑的ð confused adj感到迷惑的

22．editorial ①adj编辑上的, 主笔的, 社论的 ② n社论
He decided to take editorial work after graduation
他决定毕业后从事编辑工作。
Link: edit v编辑ðeditor n 编辑ðedition n版本

23．deliberate v故意, 仔细考虑, deliberate on仔细研究
He deliberated the question before he made an answer.
答复以前, 他仔细地考虑了这个问题。
Link: deliberate adj 深思熟虑的ð deliberation n 考虑, 商议

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2003.6]
Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ___B___.
A. mature   B. deliberate   C. meaningful   D. innocent
句意：史密斯先生是唯一的目击者,他说这火是有人故意放的。
解析：Ａ.成熟的；  Ｂ.故意的  Ｃ.有意义的   Ｄ.无辜的

24．specifically adv.特定的, 明确的
Please give the assignment more specifically so that we can follow you.
请把任务布置得具体些,以便我们能懂你的意思。
Link: specific adj特定的ðspecify v具体指定ðspecification n说明(书)

25．comparable adj可比较的, 比得上的
A fire is comparable with the sun; both give light and heat.
火可以和太阳相比, 两者均可放出光和热。
Link: compare v 比较ðcomparison n 比较ðcomparable adj 可比较的,

26．classify v divide分类, 分等
The books in the library are classified by subject.
图书馆里的书是根据学科分类的。

27．debate v&n 讨论,辩论
What we shall do next is a matter for debate.
我们下一步如何做还需讨论。

28. succeed in doing sth 成功,完成
At last they succeeded in conquering the difficult mountain
他们终于成功地征服了那座难以攀登的山。
Link: fail in doing sth 失败…

29．work for适用于；为…工作
These rules work for the teachers, too. 这些规则也适用于老师。

30. within (one's) reach在伸手能及的范围以内, 近的, 方便到达的
Put the dictionary within my reach. 请把辞典放在我够得着的地方。
Link: beyond /above/ out of/one's reach达不到的, 不能理解的

31. come to life: be alive活跃起来, 表现生动，苏醒
The dull play really came to life through the performance of these young people. 这几位青年人把那个乏味的戏演得生动活泼。

32．in the wake: of following; coming after 尾随, 紧跟, 仿效
Outbreaks of disease occurred in the wake of the drought.
疾病的爆发紧随干旱而来。

33. fall into: be divided into; belong to可分成；属于
The lecture series falls naturally into three parts.
系列讲座自然地分为三部分。

34. provide sth for sb: supply with为...提供（所需的某物）
It is the duty of the government to provide homes for old people.
给老年人提供住房是政府的职责。
Link: provide sb with sth为...提供（所需的某物）

35. break apart自行裂开
The tyre broke apart. 轮胎自行裂开了。

36. identical to/with: exactly the same as与…一模一样
   My opinion is identical with his. 我的意见和他的一样。

37. bring into the world: give birth to生（孩子）
Many people are refusing to bring children into the world as it is so full of trouble and violence.
当今这个世界充满了纷争和暴力,许多人不愿生孩子。

38. get around: overcome成功地解决,克服
To get around the problem, a committee was set up.
为了解决该问题,他们组建了一个委员会。

39. under the name of用别名by name名叫...的; 凭名字
He wrote under the name of Saki. 他以笔名沙奇从事写作。
Link: make a name for oneself出名 in the name of 以…的名义

40. regardless of：in spite of； despite不顾,不管
I will carry out my plan regardless of the consequences.
我决心按计划干到底,不管后果如何。

41. be concerned about / over: worry about担心,担忧
We're all concerned about her safety. 我们都担心她的安全。
 
42. puzzle over努力思考puzzle out苦苦思索,仔细考虑, 设法想出
I keep puzzling over his strange behavior.
我一直为他的古怪行动大伤脑筋。
Link: puzzled adj 感到困惑的puzzling  令人困惑的

Unit 8 Section B

1.  panic (panicked panicked ) n&v 恐慌,惊慌;(使)惊慌
The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion
听到爆炸声,人群惊慌失措。

2. preface n 开端,前奏,序幕; 序言,前言,引言
  He wrote a fine preface to the play. 他为剧本写了精彩的前言.

3. refusal n 拒绝
    My offer got a cold refusal. 我的提议遭到了冷淡的拒绝。
Link: refuse v 拒绝ð refusal n 拒绝

4. conservative adj保守的,守旧的,传统的; 保守的人,保守派
The researchers made a conservative guess at the population of Tokyo.
研究人员对东京的人口作了一项保守的估计。
Link: conserve v 保守, 保存ð conservation n保存,保护

5．spiritual adj 宗教上的; 心灵的, 精神上的
   Their friendship was strictly spiritual. 他们的友谊纯粹是精神上的。
Link: physical adj 物质的, 有形的

6. constitute v: form; make up; compose组成, 构成; 授权,建立
  England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom.
英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成联合王国。
Link: constitute v 组成, 构成 ð constitution n 宪法；组成；建立

7.gross: clearly wrong; total明显错误的; 总的, 总共
The company grossed over $5000000 last year.
该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。

8.applicable adj suitable适用的,合适的,适当的
    This rule is not applicable to foreigners. 这项规定不适用于外国人。
Link: apply v申请, 应用ð application n 申请, 应用ð applicant n申请人

9. voluntary adj 自愿的,志愿的
She is a voluntary worker at the hospital. 她是在这家医院的义工。
Link: voluntarily adv 志愿地ð volunteer n志愿者

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2005.1]
Salaries for D positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.
A. legal  　　B. optional    C. voluntary  D. temporary
句意：临时工的薪水似乎比长期工的高。
解析：Ａ. 法定的 Ｂ. 任意的；随机的 Ｃ. 自愿的,志愿的 Ｄ. 临时的

10. consent n&v approve同意, 赞成, 答应
 My father would not consent to my leaving school.父亲不会答应我辍学。
Link: consent to sth答应某事with one consent全体一致

11.vivid adj 鲜艳的,鲜明的,生动的,逼真的
 She gave the police a vivid description of the accident.
她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。
Link: vivid adj 鲜明的ð vividly adv 生动地ð vividness n活泼, 明亮

12.reflection n 反射, 映像, 倒影, 反省, 沉思, 反映
 After a minute's reflection, he answered. 他沉思片刻后才回答
Link: reflect v反射,考虑ð reflective adj 深思熟虑的ð reflection n

13. probable adj 很可能的, 大概的
It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.
很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。
Link: probable adj 很可能的, 大概的ð probably adv 大概, 可能

14.sake n reason缘由,理由 for the sake of (=for one's sake) 为了...起见
Never do wrong for the sake of money. 绝不要为金钱而做坏事。
Link: for any sake好歹, 无论如何 without sake无缘无故, 毫无理由

15.surplus adj 过剩的,多余的; 过剩；剩余额
Brazil has a big surplus of coffee. 巴西有很多剩余的咖啡。
16. horror n 令人恐惧的事物, 恐怖; 恐惧, 震惊
 Nuclear war is one of the horrors that face the modern world.
核战争是当今世界面临的威胁之一。
Link: strike horror into sb 使某人毛骨悚然

17. democratic adj 民主的,有民主精神的
 We must accept the result of a democratic election
我们必须接受民主选举的结果。
Link: democratically adv 民主地ðdemocracy n民主政治, 民主主义

18.sexual adj 性的, 两性的
They denied that they were having a sexual relationship.
他们否认他们之间有性关系。
Link: sex n性, 性别ð sexual adj 性的, 两性的ð sexually adv 有关性地

19. queue v&n: wait in a line排队
 They queued for a taxi.他们排队等候出租汽车。
Link: be/stand in a queue排队jump the queue插队queue up排队

20.artificial adj 人造的, 假的, 非原产地的
 This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial colouring.
这种品牌的罐装青豆不含人造色素。
Link: artificial adj ð artificially adv 人造地

21. defect n: fault, problem 缺陷,缺点
There are some defects in the present system of education.
现行教育制度中有些缺陷。
Link: defect n 缺陷, 缺点ð defector n 开小差者

22. reproduce v 繁殖, 再生, 复制, 使...在脑海中重现
Birds reproduce by laying eggs. 鸟类由产卵繁殖。

23. resign v 顺从, 听从, 辞职
He resigned in order to take a more challenging job.
他辞去了目前的职务,以便担任一项更具挑战性的工作。
Link: resign n 辞去(职务) resign oneself to sth 只得接受

24. dispose v处理, 处置, 部署
Man proposes. God disposes. 谋事在人, 成事在天。
Link: dispose of摆脱, 处理, 扔掉to dispose of the waste处理废物

25. temporary adj 暂时的, 临时的, 临时性的
 Cease-fire only provided a temporary solution to the crisis.
停火只是暂时解决了危机。
Link: temporary n 临时的人员/事物, 临时工

26. systematic adj 系统的, 体系的; 有计划的,有方法的
 He's very systematic in all he does. 他做一切事都有条不紊。

27. resume v再继续, 重新开始, 恢复
We resumed our work after a rest. 休息之后我们重新开始工作。
Link : resume n履历, 摘要, 概略

28. administration n 管理, 经营, 行政部门, 政府
 She has little experience in administration 她在管理方面没什么经验。
Link: under sb’s administration在某人的管理下

29. govern v统治, 支配, 管理; 控制; 抑制; 约束
 You should govern your temper. 你应该控制你的情绪。
Link: govern v统治ð governor n 主管, 州长ð government n 政府

30. send into使处于（某种状态）, 使变得
The news sent the school into a panic. 这消息使整个学校陷入一片恐慌。

31. at the prospect of/that…一想到…的前景/将要发生的事
He felt nervous at the prospect of seeing his new boss.
他一想到要去见新老板就感到紧张。
Link: in prospect 有希望, 在考虑中

32. grow out of由...而生；起因于
 Most international firms have grown out of small family businesses.
大多数国际公司是由小的家庭企业发展而成的。

33. make sense有道理,合乎情理；明智come to one's senses恢复理性, 苏醒
 It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身体健康是有道理的。
Link: in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说

34. turn out (to be)：prove (to be ) 证实是, 原来是
 The accident has turned out to be a good thing after all.
这个事故最终发展成为一件好事。

35. on/upon reflection再考虑后
 Upon reflection, I feel I made the wrong decision
经过思考,我感到自己做了错误的决定。

36. view …as：look on…as把…视为, 看作
She viewed him as a hero.她把他视为英雄。

37. carry out: perform or conduct进行, 实施
   We have carried out our plan. 我们已经实施了我们的计划。
Link: carry through帮（某人）渡过难关；使（某人）保持勇气

38. stock with: store with使藏有,使备有
 The shop is well stocked with camping supplies.
这家商店备有很多野营用具。

39. stand a chance of: have a chance of有可能（取得）
 You don't stand a chance of getting the job! 你没有机会得到这份工作了！
Link: take one's chance碰碰运气 by chance偶然, 意外地

40. seek out: look for and find寻找并发现
It is difficult for him to seek out his friend in the crowd.
他很难从人群中找到他的朋友。
Link: seek after /for 寻求, 探索; 追求; 寻找seek through找遍

41. pass on传递, 传给
She caught cold and passed it on to her husband.
她得了感冒,又传染给了她丈夫。

42. make an enquiry into: investigate; inquire 调查；打听
The government refused to make an enquiry into the matter.
政府不想过问此事。
Link: launch an enquiry 开始调查conduct/carry out an enquiry进行调查 

 
Unit 9 section A

1. collection n 收藏品,收集的东西, 收集, 收取
  The photos will be ready for collection on Tuesday afternoon
照片可在星期二下午领取。
Link: collect v 收集, 收取ð collection n 收藏品,收集的东西, 收集, 收取

2. verify v: confirm; certify 证明,证实,核实
 Are you able to verify your theory? 你能证明你的理论吗？
Link: verifiable adj能作证的, 能证实的ð verification n确认, 查证, 作证

3.clause n 条款,款项; 分句,从句
He wanted to add a clause in a contract.他想在契约中加进一项条款。

4. bind (bound bound) v fasten; tie绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束
  Bind the prisoner's hands together. 把囚犯的手捆起来。
Link: be bound to一定会…；bind up 包扎,装订成册; be bound up in热衷于  be bound up with与…有密切关系

5. acceptance n 接受, 接纳; 赞同, 承认
 He taught with great acceptance for 40 years.他从教40年一直很受欢迎。
Link: accept v接受 ð acceptable adj可接受的ð accepted adj公认的

6. division n分开, 分割; 区分, 除法, 部门
  Which division of the company do you work in?
你在这个公司的哪个部门工作？
Link: divide v分割  divisional adj 分割的, 分区的, 除法的, 部门的

7. contest n&v争论, 竞赛contest against /with… for sth 为…而同…竞争
  The firm is too small to contest with large companies.
这家商行太小了,竞争不过大公司。
Link: contestable adj争论的ðcontestant n 竞争者ð contestation n 争论

8. candidate n 候选人, 投考者
  Forty percent of the candidates failed the examination. 
40%的考生没通过考试。

9. sting (stung , stung)v&n 激怒,刺痛; 刺伤,蛰伤
  The bee stung her leg. 蜜蜂刺痛了她的腿。
Link: sting sb(to/into) doing sth 刺痛、激怒某人做某事

全真考题：[CET- 4: 1999.1]
Harry was  A  by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A. stung      B. stuck     C. bitten     D. scratched
句意：哈里在采蜜的时候,被蜜蜂给蛰了。
解析：Ａ. sting: 刺, 刺痛, 刺激； Ｂ.stick: 辍,刺死  Ｃ. bite: 咬 Ｄ.抓

10. exposure n 暴露, 曝光, 揭露
  He nearly died of exposure on the cold mountain
他在寒冷的高山上差一点没有冻死。
Link: expose v使暴露: be exposed to被暴露于；接触

11. payment n付款, 支付, 报酬, 偿还, 报应, 惩罚
   Payment may be made in any of the following ways, by cash, by cheque, or by
 credit card. 付款可用下列任何一种方式: 现金、支票或用信用卡。
 
12. shield: defend 防护,保护,庇护
    He shielded his eyes from the sun 他把手放在眼前遮住太阳光。

13. retire v 退休, 引退, 退却, 撤退, 就寝 retirement n退休，引退
  He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.
他现在正在退出政治生活,并已出国。
Link: retired adj 退休了的 ð retiring adj 即将退休的，性格不太大方的

14. enforce v: implement 强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强
   The police enforce the law. 警察执法。
Link: enforce v强迫, 执行ð enforceable adj 可实施的, 可执行的

15. consultant n顾问, 商议者, 咨询者
  The consultant committee met at the call of the chairman
顾问委员会应主席的召集而开会。
Link: consult v 商量, 商议ðconsultation n请教, 参考

16. invitation n邀请 invite v 邀请
   We take great pleasure in inviting you to attend this meeting.
我们非常荣幸地邀请你出席这次会议。
   I am delighted to accept your kind invitation.
我很愉快地接受你的盛情邀请。

17. signature n 签名 sign v&n 签名, 招牌
   I couldn't read his signature. 我看不清他的签名。
Link: signal n&v 信号; 发信号

18. cite v引用, 引证, 提名表扬 
It's no use citing the Bible to a non-Christian
对非基督徒引用《圣经》是没用的。
Link: citable adj可引用的ð citation n引用

19. awkward adj难使用的, 笨拙的, 尴尬的
   There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.
陷入了尴尬的沉默, 谁都不知道说什么好。
Link: awkwardly adv 笨拙地, 无技巧地ð awkwardness n 笨拙, 不雅观

20. edit v&n .编辑, 校订, 剪辑
   It is much easier to enter, modify, or delete data with a computer.
有了电脑，输入、修改或删除数据就容易多了。
Link: edit v&n 编辑, 剪辑ðeditor n 编辑

21. delete v删除
  They deleted his name from the list。他们从名册上除掉他的名。
Link: delete v删除ð deletion n删除, 删除部分

22．forge v锤炼，使形成，伪造, 假冒
   They are forging all kinds of documents to a high standard.
他们伪造各种文件的水平很高。
Link: forge v 锤炼，使形成，伪造, 假冒ð forgery n伪造物, 伪造罪

23. dispute v&n 争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止
   We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.
我们就他欠我多少钱一事进行了一番争论。
Link: in dispute with与…争论; 与…有争议

24. circumstance n环境, 情况, 境况
The circumstances forced me to accept. 环境迫使我不得不同意
Link: in/under no circumstances决不, 在任何情况下决不

25. static adj 静止的,不变的
   The national birth rate has remained static for the last few years.
全国出生率近几年来保持稳定。

26. bearing n 关系, 影响, 举止, 姿态(pl.) 方位, 方向
   What they have done has no bearing on the promotion of sales.
他们所干的事情与这次促销活动毫无联系。
Link: have a bearing upon关系到... have no bearing on与...无关

27. heap n&v 一堆, 大量, 许多, (使)堆起
   Mother heaped delicious food on the plate.
母亲在盘子里堆满了好吃的东西。
Link: heap up堆起来, 积累 heap ...with在...上面放满

28. shed ① v (shed, shed ) 流出, 去掉, 摆脱; 脱落 ② n棚,小屋
   The trees began shedding their leaves.树木开始落叶。
Link: shed one’s blood流血 shed tears流泪shed light on 阐明,弄明白
 
29. work out发展很好；证明是成功的
I'm sure things will work out for the best in the end.
我相信事情最终会圆满解决的。

30．store away收起来,储存,储备
    This is where the animals store their nuts away.
这就是动物储存坚果的地方。

31．insist on/upon：persist in; stick to坚决要求 坚持认为
    She insisted on her innocence. 她坚持说她是清白的。

32. gain in得到更多的…
   Cyber bars have gained in popularity in recent years.
网吧近年来越来越流行。
Link: gain over (把某人)从敌对的一方争取过来, 拉过来

33. make/hit the headlines成为头条新闻
   The arrival of the football team hit the headlines in the local press.
足球队的到达成为当地报纸的头条新闻。

34. call for需求,要求
   This sort of work calls for a lot of patience. 这工作需要极大的耐性。
Link: call off取消; call on拜访, 号召；呼吁; on call随时待命的; call fort唤起；引起call up召集；动员; 使人想起 (= call upon)

35. be in line for/be in line to do sth: be likely to get即将获得, 很可能得到
   Who's next in line for promotion in your department?
你那个部门下一位有希望得到晋升的是谁？ 
Link: line up排成行, 排成列

36. draw up写出; 草拟, 制订
   The couple drew up a contract. 夫妻俩草拟了一份合同。

37. send out: issue; distribute发出,寄出
   You can send out a call for help over the radio.
你可以通过无线电发出求援信号。
Link: send in递送, 呈报 send for派人去叫, 派人去取

38. take advice采纳某人的意见
   You should take legal advice. 你应该请教律师。

39. argue over/about为…争论,争吵
   Don’t argue over the trifles. 不要为琐事而争吵。
Link: argue against反驳；argue sb into说服某人(做某事或接受某种意见)

40. break out突然开始, 爆发 逃离
   He broke out of the prison last night. 他昨天晚上越狱而逃。

41. enter into sth 开始讨论；着手处理
   Once you have reached informal agreement, you should enter into a contract with the other party. 一旦达成非正式协议,就应该和对方签订合同。
Link: enter on/upon开始, 着手 enter for(替...)报名参加

42. end up结束, 告终
   He'll end up in prison if he goes on behaving like that.
如果他继续这样, 终究会坐大牢的。
Link: end up with以告终

43. lay bare揭示, 说出
   All the facts are laid bare in this special report.
   在这份特别的报告里, 所有的事实都被披露出来了。

Unit 9 section B

1. undergo (underwent undergone) v experience 经历,经受,忍受
The explorers had to undergo much suffering.
那些探险者不得不经受很多苦难。

2．conclude v结束, 决定, 做出结论conclusion n 结论, 结束
   The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.
医生断定病人患的是癌症。
Link: conclusive adj决定性的 to be concluded(连载的文章)下期登完

3. orderly adj有秩序的, 整齐的, 整洁的
  The girl students' rooms are all in orderly condition
女同学们的房间都整齐清洁。
Link: order n&v次序, 顺序, 定购; 命令ð orderliness n 秩序；整齐

4. council n 理事会,委员会
   I served ten years on the local council. 我在地方议会里工作了10年。

5. dissolve v（使）结束,（使）解体; 溶解
  Water dissolves salt. 水溶解盐。
Link: dissolve away溶解掉 dissolve in溶解入

6. burden n&v重负；(责任、义务等的)重担; 加负荷于；使挑重担
  He could not carry the burden alone. 他一人挑不起这副担子。

7. overtake (overtook overtaken)v 突然降临于, 意外侵袭, 追上, 超过 
  A storm overtook the children. 孩子们遇到了暴风雨。

8．agenda n 议程
  The question of salary increases was placed on the agenda.
加薪问题被列入主要议程。

9. maintain v维持, 维修; 继续; 供养, 主张
  He has worked hard to maintain his family. 他努力工作来养家。
Link: maintain v ðmaintenance n维护ðmaintainable adj可维持的, 主张的

10. contribute v 捐献, 贡献, 投稿 contribute to 有助于, 促成
She seldom contributes to the discussion. 她在讨论中很少发言。
Link: contribute v ðcontribution n捐献,贡献ðcontributor n 贡献者, 投稿者
 
11. vary v 改变, 变更, 使多样化 vary from ...to ...在...到...之间变动
   The weather varies from day to day. 天气一天天变化。
Link: variable adj易变的ð various adj多种多样的 ð variation n 变体

12. adequate adj适当的, 足够的
  The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。
Link: adequate adjð adequately adv充分地ð adequacy n适当, 足够

13. optional adj可选择的, 随意的
   Attendance at the lecture is optional.这一讲座可随意参加。
Link: option n选择ð optional adj ðoptionally adv可选择地, 随意地

14．inflation n 通货膨胀
  Inflation usually affects many countries at the same time.
通货膨胀通常同时影响着许多国家。
Link: inflate v使膨胀, 使得意ð inflation n ð inflationary adj 通货膨胀的

15. weave v 编织, 编造, 汇编
    The biography weaves together the various aspects of Einstein's life.
这本传记汇编了爱因斯坦一生的方方面面。
Link: get weaving努力做起来

16. textile n 纺织品,织物
  The designers have created a new textile.
设计人员开发出一种新颖的纺织品。

17. casual adj随便的, 偶尔的 (casual无比较级和最高级形式)
  The casual newspaper reader wouldn't like long articles on serious subjects
 every day. 随便看看报纸的人不愿每天看那些有关严肃主题的长文章。
Link: casual adj ðcasually adv ð偶然地, 随便地, ð casualness n 漠不关心
       

18. scrape v&n勉强维持, 刮, 擦 scrape by勉强维持
Scrape the mud off your shoes with this knife. 用这把小刀把你鞋上的土刮去。
I can scrape by on a reduced income for a short time, but not for ever.
收入减少我可以在短期内勉强维持,可是不能长此下去。

19. currency n 货币, 通货; 流传, 通用
  Different countries have different currencies. 不同的国家使用不同的货币。
Link: current ①adj当前的, 流通的: current affairs 时事 ② n 水流

20. urgent adj 急迫的, 紧急的
   She was urgent in her demands. 她要求急迫。
Link: urgently adv 迫切地, 急切地ð urgency n紧急(的事), 强求, 催促

21. subtract v 减去,扣除subtract A from B 从B减去A
If you subtract 3 from 5, you get 2. 五减去三就得二。

22. trim v整理, 修整, 装饰 trim oneself up打扮
  We trimmed a lot off our travel budget. 我们大幅度削减了旅行预算。
Link: trim n : out of trim未准备妥当, 情形不好; in good trim准备好, 情形好

23. invisible adj 看不见的
  It was so cloudy that the top of the mountain was invisible.
天很阴, 看不见山顶。
Link: visible adj看得见的, 明显的, 显著的

24. entertainment n 娱乐；招待; 娱乐活动,文娱节目
   A cinema is a place of entertainment. 电影院是公众娱乐场所。
Link: entertain v娱乐, 招待, 款待ð entertainer n 款待者, 演艺者

25. serve as 担任...; 起...作用
My bedroom can also serve as my study. 我的卧室也兼作我的书房。
Link: serve up端出(饭菜等); 提出, 提供

26. be related to与...相关,与...有联系
  The lawyer claims that his client’s health problems are directly related to his
 work in the mine.
该律师声称他的当事人的健康问题与他在矿井的工作有直接的联系。
Link: relate sth to sb对某人讲述/叙述某事

27. care for: look after; take care of照看,看护  
   Jane spent years caring for her sick aunt. 简照料她生病的婶婶许多年。
Link: take care 当心, 注意

28. bring about使发生bring along带来 bring around使复苏, 使恢复健康
  What brought about the change in his attitude?
是什么使他的态度有了转变？
Link: bring back使忆起 bring forth提出, 产生, 致使

29. in particular特别地, 尤其, 特别的
   Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.
彼得躺在沙发上, 无所事事。
   Link: particular adj 挑剔的: be particular about food 挑食
 
30. to the point: to a degree that达到...的程度
She worked to the point of exhaustion. 她工作到了精疲力竭的地步。

31. go on to转入
  Let's go on to the next item on the agenda. 让我们转入议事日程的下一项。

32. instead of代替,而不是
  Let's play cards instead of watching television. 我们玩牌吧, 别看电视了。
 
Unit 10 section A

1. aircraft n 飞行器
  At least three military aircraft were destroyed.
  至少有三架军用飞机被摧毁。
Link: aircraft的复数仍然是aircraft

2. installation n安装, 装置, 就职
  The Americans still have several military installations on the island.
美国人在岛上仍有几处军事装置。
Link: install v 安装, 安置, 使就职: install sb/sth in…使…就职于…

3. commander n 指挥官, 司令官
  He is the commander of an expedition 他是远征军的指挥官。
Link: command n&v 命令, 掌握ð commanding 指挥的, 居高临下的

4. trace v追踪, 寻找, 追究, 探索
  The police are trying to trace the missing man
警察正设法寻找那个失踪的人。
Link: trace n 痕迹, 踪迹: lose all trace of失去...的全部线索

5. stain n&v 污点,污迹; 玷污,染污
   The coffee stained his shirt brown 咖啡把他的衬衫染上了棕色。
Link: stainless adj 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的 stainless steel 不锈钢

6. patch n&v与周围不同的斑片, 补丁, 修补
  It's not proper to patch the roof with boards.用木板修补屋顶是不适当的。

7. spacecraft n 宇宙飞船 aircraft n 飞行器
  It is said that the Great Wall can be seen from spacecraft.
据说从宇宙飞船上可以看到长城。

8. orbit n&v（天体运行的）轨道; 环绕轨道运行
  The spaceship orbited the moon宇宙飞船绕月球运行。

9. investigate v: look into; inquire into调查, 研究
The police are investigating the robbery. 警察正在调查这起抢劫案。
Link: investigate v ð investigation n 调查, 研究ðinvestigator n 调查人

10. outer adj 外部的, 外面的, 远离中心的
   The outer walls of the house were made of brick. 这座房子的外墙是砖的。
Link: inner adj内部的, 里面的, 内心的

11. hunt v&n 寻找,搜寻, 打猎, 追捕to hunt for job 找工作
  We've been hunting for the lost boy all over.
我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。
Link: hunter n猎人 headhunter 猎头者（为公司寻找人才的人）

12. airline n航空公司，定期航线
  What airline did you fly? 你乘坐的是哪家航空公司的飞机？
Link: airline n航空公司ð airliner n 班机, 客机

13. vanish v: disappear突然不见, 消失
I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.
我原以为天要下雨的, 可是云消失了, 是个好天。

13. crew n（船上或飞机上的）全体工作人员;一组工作人员
   The aircraft carries a crew of seven. 这架飞机上有7名机务人员。
Link: crewless adj 没有工作人员的

14. aboard adv.在（船、飞机、公共汽车或火车）上
She went aboard the plane. 她上了飞机。

15. missing adj 失踪的,下落不明的,找不到的
There is a page missing. 缺少一页。
Link: miss v未得到, 错过, 想念: to miss the concert错过音乐会

16. submerge v (使)浸没, (使)淹没
   His talent was submerged by his shyness. 他的才华为其羞怯所遮覆。
Link: emerge v显现, 浮现, 形成: The sun emerged. 太阳出来了。

17. magnetic adj磁的; 有魅力的  magnetism n磁, 磁力, 吸引力
   He has magnetic personality. 他有吸引人的个性。
Link: magnet n 磁铁; 有吸引力的人（或物ð magnetize v使磁化, 吸引

18. navigation n航海, 航空, 导航, 领航, 航行
   The storms had caused difficulties in the navigation of the plane.
风暴造成飞机航行的困难。
Link: navigate v航行, 航海, 航空, 驾驶, 操纵ð navigator n航海家

19. mechanical adj机械的, 呆板的 mechanism n机械装置, 机构, 机制
My major is mechanical engineering. 我的专业是机械工程。
Link: mechanic n技工, 机修工 ð mechanics n机械学, 力学

20. atmosphere n 大气(层), 气氛, 氛围
    We live in an atmosphere of freedom. 我们生活在自由的环境中。

21. bureau n办公桌, 衣柜; 局, 办事处 
   The weather bureau promised a sunny weekend. 气象局预报周末是晴天。

22. solar adj 太阳的,来自太阳的,太阳能的
Is solar energy always inexhaustible? 太阳能是用之不尽的吗？

23. generator n 发电机；发生器
   The generator has broken down 发电机出故障了
Link: generate v产生, 发生ð generation n产生, 发生, 一代

24. suck v 吞没, 拉进; 吸, 吮
  The current nearly sucked us under the water.
  水流几乎将我们卷入水底。
Link: suck in吸进去, 吸收, 卷入: to be sucked into a war 卷入战争

25. cruise n&v 航行, 旅游航行
  We're planning to spend our holidays cruising around the world.
我们计划假期时环游世界。

26. search for搜寻, 探求, 寻觅
  Many people spend years searching for peace of mind, often with little success.
许多人多年追求平静超脱的心境, 但往往收效甚微。

27. without trace无影无踪地, 了无痕迹地
   He has disappeared without trace. 他已销声匿迹了。
Link: trace back to追溯到,追查到; trace out探寻踪迹, 计划出

28. tell of讲述, 述说, 告诉
  He told us of having found a perfect place for the camp.
他告诉我们找到了一个最佳宿营地

29. go so far as to说或做到…强烈程度
   He went so far as to say that he would give up his life for the poor girl.
他甚至说他愿意为这可怜的姑娘献出生命。

30. turn up发现, 挖掘, 发生, 出现, 到来
   It's no good waiting for something to turn up; you have to take actions.
守株待兔没用, 你得采取点行动。
Link: turn down减弱,降低,压低（力量、声音等）

全真考题：[CET- 4: 2002.1]
None of us expected the chairman to  B  at the party.
A. turn in        B. turn up     C. turn over         D. turn down
句意：大家都没预料到主席会到会。
解析：Ａ.上交  Ｂ. 出现, 出席  Ｃ. 移交, 反复考虑 Ｄ.拒绝

31. attribute sth to把...归因于, 把...归咎于
  She attributed her great age to a carefully planned diet.
她认为她的高寿是精心安排饮食的结果。
  Link: contribute to 为…做贡献，导致

32. on the contrary: exactly the opposite; instead恰恰相反,相反地
   It doesn't seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful.
我并不觉得它丑, 恰恰相反, 我认为它相当美。
 
33. to date: so far, up to now到目前为止, 迄今
He left three weeks ago and we haven't had one single letter from him to date.
他于三周前离开这里。迄今为止, 我们还未收到他一封信。
Link: up to date 最新的,现代的

34. on display展览,陈列
   A collection of photographs was on display in the hall. 大厅里有图片展览。

35. expand on/upon（对故事、论据等进行）补充
   The professor will expand on this point in the next chapter.
教授将对下一章这一问题做进一步的补充。
Link: expand扩展: to expand one’s business abroad把业务扩展到国外

36. from time to time不时,有时
   We usually eat at home but from time to time we go out for lunch.
我们通常在家吃饭,偶尔出去吃午餐。

37. set off：set out引起,启动
   The children set off for school.孩子们上学去了。
Link: set about开始做, 着手处理 set aside宣告无效；驳回；废止

全真考题：[CET- 4: 1996.1]
The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally D because of the
bad weather.                                                   
A. set off   B. broken off    C. worn off     D. called off
句意：原先决定在周五举行的运动会最终由于坏天气被取消了。
解析：Ａ.出发,动身；Ｂ.中断, 突然停止 Ｃ. 逐渐减弱, 磨损,Ｄ.取消

38. make contact with: be in contact with接触, 联系, 结识, 会晤
  The insurance salesman tried to make contact with wealthy people.
经营保险业的人千方百计地与富人接触。
Link: lose contact with和...失去联系, 离开

Unit 10 Section B

1. strap v&n 捆,扎,绑; 带,皮带
He strapped the bag onto his bicycle. 他用带子把包捆在自行车上。

2. harness v 利用, 征服
  The local government decided to harness the river to generate electricity.
当地政府决定利用河水发电。

3．plug v&n 堵, 塞, 插上（插头）, 插头
   He has a hearing device plugged into his ear. 他耳朵里戴着助听器。

4. pop v&n 快速地放, 快速地拿, 发出砰的响声, 流行音乐
  The balloon popped. 气球砰地一声爆了。
Link: pop off匆匆离去, 突然离去, 死

5. resist v 顶住,忍受;抵抗,反抗
  She could hardly resist laughing。她忍不住要笑。
Link: resistance n反抗, 抵抗, 阻力, 电阻ðresistant adj抵抗的

6. waken v 唤醒, 醒来
  He was still asleep so I wakened him up. 他还在睡觉, 因此叫醒我叫醒他。
Link: wake v叫醒, 激发,振奋 ð waking adj醒着的

7. hardware n五金器具,（电脑）硬件, 重型武器, 重型机器,
 The White House said that the ship was laden with tank parts, explosives, and
 other military hardware.
白宫昨天宣布说那只船装载着坦克部件、炸弹和其他重型武器。
Link: software n 软件
 
8. slam v 猛力地放或扔; 砰地关上
  He slammed the door angrily. 他生气地用力把门关上。

9. precision n 准确（性）,精确（性）,精密（度）
  Great precision is required in this aspect. 这方面需要极高的准确性。
Link: precise adj精确的, 准确的ðprecisely adv正好ð precision n

10. extension n延长, 扩充, 范围 
   The toolshed was built as an extension of the house.
工具房是这座房屋的扩充部分。
Link: extend v 延伸, 扩充ð extensive adj广阔的, 广泛的ð extension n

11. boom n&v 暴涨, 激增, 繁荣, 隆隆响
   Business is booming.工商业日趋繁荣。
Link: a boom city 新兴城市

12. chamber n 封闭空间, 房间, 寝室, 议院
   the chamber of commerce 商会 chamber music 室内音乐

13. stripe n斑纹, 条纹
  A tiger has stripes. 老虎（身上）有条纹。
Link: stripe n斑纹, 条纹ð striped adj带有条纹的, 带条的

14. fancy n&v想象
  I think he would come but it's only a fancy of mine.
我想他会来的, 不过这仅是我的想象罢了。
Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到了你!
  Link: fancy adj 花哨的, 时髦的 fancy goods 装饰品    

15. steep adj 急剧升降的, 陡的, 陡峭的
   There was a steep climb on the road out of town. 城外的公路有一段陡坡。

16. concentration n集中, 集合, 专心, 浓缩, 浓度
   This thesis will need all your concentration
这篇论文需要全神贯注才能读懂。
Link: concentrate v集中, 浓缩concentrate on/upon 专心于

17. dial v拨打电话
   Put in the money before dialing. 先投钱币再拨号。
Link: dial n (机器或设备上的)刻度盘, 标度盘

18. digital adj 数字的,数字显示的
  A digital watch shows the time by electronically lit up numbers.
数字手表是用电子显示数字来表示时间的。
Link: digit n阿拉伯数字, 手指或足趾ð digital adj 数字的,数字显示的

19. compress v 压紧, 压缩, 缩小
 Wood blocks may compress a great deal under pressure.
木块受压时可缩小很多。
Link: compress v压缩ð compressible adj可压缩的 ð compression n压缩
全真考题：[CET- 4: 1998.1]
As a result of careless washing, the jacket B to a child’s size.
A. compresses  B. shrank     C. dropped   D. decreased
句意：由于洗涤不小心，夹克衫缩水到了儿童服装的大小。
解析：Ａ. 挤压, 压缩 Ｂ.收缩, 缩水 Ｃ.落下   D. 减少

20. upper adj (位置、水平等）较高的, 较上的；上层的, 上部的
   The plates on the upper shelf were beyond my reach.
上层架子上的盘子我伸手拿不到。

21. whip v 猛地移动, 鞭打
   She whipped it into her pocket.她迅速地把它塞进衣袋。

22. craft n 船, 艇, 航空器; 工艺,手 艺
   He knew the craft of making furniture. 他有打家具的手艺。
Link: craft n ðcrafty adj狡诈的, 善于骗人的ðcraftiness n狡猾, 诡计多端

23. hang over 悬浮于空中hang on紧握着, 坚持（电话用语）别挂断
Smog hung over the city. 烟雾笼罩在城市上空。
Link: hang back退缩 hang out居住, 停留 hang up挂, 挂断电话, 中止

24. plug in插上插头
   Could you plug in the radio, please? 请你把收音机插头插上好吗？

25. fill with充满, 装满, 盛满
He filled the bucket with water. 他把水桶装满水。
Link: fill in填充, 填写 to fill in the form填写表格

26. pop out（使）突然出来
   The window opened and a head popped out.
窗户开了, 一个人突然探出头来。
Link: pop in突然出现, 突然进来 pop off 突然离去, 匆匆走开
 
27．get going（使）开始运行
    It's difficult to get the car going on cold mornings.
寒冷的早晨发动车子很困难。

28．load with装,装载
   The air is loaded with smoke and dirt. 空气中弥漫着烟雾和灰尘。

29. ahead of（在空间或时间上）超前, 在…前面
Jim was ahead of all the other runners. 吉姆领先于其他所有的赛跑者。

全真考题：[CET- 4: 1996.6]
Wherever I have an appointment, I like to arrive C.
A. ahead of time a little             B. a little time ahead
C. a little ahead of time             D. ahead of a little time
句意：无论我什么时候有约会, 我都喜欢提前一点儿到。
解析：a little ahead of time 提前一点儿

30. turn sth over to sb 把…移交给
  He turned the business over to his daughter. 他把商行交给他女儿管理。
Link: turn over 翻过来；仔细考虑

31. take sb's place：take the place of代替, 替代
   Will Mr. Green take George's place? 格林先生将接替乔治的位置吗？
Link: take place 发生

32．go into开始（某活动）
    She went into fits of laughter. 她发出阵阵笑声。

33. force into迫使进入
    Public opinion can force the government into action
    公众舆论会迫使政府采取行动。
Link: in force 生效, 有效, 在实施中