Unit 5 Section B

1. spoil v: （尤指对孩子）溺爱，宠坏；损坏，破坏
a spoiled little girl  一个被宠坏的小女孩
Mankind is warned to stop spoiling the environment.
人类受到警告不能再污染环境。

全真考题: [CET- 4: 1990.1]
Children who are over-protected by their parents may become C .
A hurt   B. damaged   C. spoiled   D. harmed
句意: 受到父母过分照顾的孩子容易被宠坏。
解析: A.伤害（身体或感情）；B.损害（物品）；C. 宠坏（人，孩子）；D. 伤害（人、物）
    
2. overnight ad&a: during or for the night  一夜（间）;突然
overnight success一下子获得成功
stay overnight at a friend's house 在朋友家过夜
  
3. assign(to) v : name sb for a task or position 派, 指派, 分配
  The monitor was assigned to take notes for the meeting.
班长被分派作会议记录。
Link: assignment n 分配，分派；任务

4. lavatory n: toilet 厕所, 盥洗室
  Where is the ladies' lavatory please? 请问女卫生间在哪儿？

5. pack with: fill or crowd sth (with sb / sth) 塞进，挤进
  The suitcase cannot be packed with any more things.
  手提箱再也塞不进东西了。

6. barely adv: only just仅仅，几乎没有，几乎不
We barely had time to catch the train 我们差点误了火车。
  Link: bare adj: adj赤裸的, 无遮蔽的, 空的

全真考题: [CET- 4: 1999.6]
Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still D.
A blank     B. hollow     C. vacant     D. bare
句意: 虽然每年他们都在这个地区种树，好些山头还是光秃秃的。
解析: A.空白的(纸) B.（内）空洞的C. 空的(职位，土地) D. 光秃秃的
 
7. make a point: state a point 提出论点
You made an original point in your speech. 你发言中有个新颖的观点。

8. tendency n趋向，倾向; 趋势
Prices continue to show an upward tendency. 物价继续呈现上升的趋势。
  Link: tend (to) v倾向于ðHe tends to expect too high.他往往期望过高。

9. take …for granted视…为理所当然, 认为真实；
Children tend to take parents’ love for granted.
孩子们往往把父母的关爱视为理所当然.
 
10. generosity n: quality of being generous 慷慨，大度，宽大
He has a nature of generosity. 他生性慷慨大方。
Link: generous adj慷慨的; 丰盛的；宽宏大量的ðgenerously adv宽大地
   
11. somewhat adv: to some degree; rather 有几分，在某种程度上，颇为
I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我有点吃惊。

12. hold down keep (a job)for some time 保住(工作)
He's never been able to hold down a steady job.他从未能保住一份稳定的工作。
Link: hold back阻止; 抑制（情感、情绪）; hold out给予；支持; hold to
坚持；遵循;  hold up使受阻;  hold with同意，赞成

全真考题: [CET- 4: 1991.6]
I always B what I have said.
A. get to    B. hold to   C. lead to   D. see to
句意: 我一贯信守诺言。
解析: A.开始，着手；B.信守，坚持；C.导致，引起；D.负责，照顾
    
13. full-time adj:全时间的,专职的a full-time employment 全职工作
   Link: part-time adj 兼职的, 部分时间的

14. accommodation n: room(s) and food 住所，膳宿; 和解，调解
Our hotel provides first-class accommodations. 我们旅店提供一流住宿.
to reach an accommodation达成和解; 达成妥协
   Link: accommodate v 供应, 和解, 向...提供膳宿

15. attempt to do: try to do试做，尝试，企图
He attempted to convince her. 他试图说服她。

16. compensate v: to lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, etc.补偿，赔偿
Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.健康受损是无法弥补的。
Link: compensation n 补偿, 赔偿

17. along with:  in addition to 与…一道
He was set free last week along with three other Englishmen
他上周和其他三个英国人一起被放了出来。

18. infer(from) v: conclude sth （由事实）推知，推断
What conclusion can you infer from the fact?
你们能从这一事实中推出什么结论?
  ink: inference n 推断, 推理

19. make fun of: laugh at sb / sth, usu. unkindly 取笑；嘲笑，奚落
It's cruel to make fun of the disabled. 嘲笑残疾人是不人道的。
  
20. stand up to: be against without fear 勇敢地抵抗;  承受得起
A soldier must stand up to danger. 士兵必须能勇敢地面对危险。 
Link: stand by袖手旁观；援助; stand for代表，意指; stand up for拥护；支持

21. fluctuate v: change continually 犹豫不决，动摇;(指价格等) 波动，起伏
The price fluctuates between $5 and $6.价格在五美元和六美元之间波动。
  Link: fluctuation n 波动, 起伏

22. give in allow to be defeated or taken over 认输，屈服，投降
  The negotiation went on for hours as neither side would give in. 
谈判延续了几个小时，因为哪一方都不肯让步。
  Link: give away泄露; give off 放出(蒸汽、气味等); give out分发；发出（声
音）; give over to（时间、地点）专用于,致力于;  give up放弃；give oneself
up to 沉湎于；致力于

全真考题: [CET- 4: 1990.1]
The engine D smoke and steam.             
A. gives up   B. gives in     C. gives away   D. gives off 
句意: 发动机排放烟和气。
解析: A.放弃；B.服从；C.耗尽；D. 放出(蒸汽、气味等)

全真考题: [CET4: 1995.6]
The student was just about to D the question, when suddenly he found the answer.                                     
A arrive at   B. submit to    C. work out    D. give up
句意: 那个学生正想放弃那个问题的时候就找到了答案。
解析:  A.到达； B.提交； C.想出（答案等）； D.放弃。
   
23. variable adj changeable 多变的；various adj各种各样的 
His attitude is variable.他的态度变化无常。
There are various ways to solve the problem. 有各种解决该问题的方法．
Link: variability n 变化性，可变性

24. loosen v: become or make loose or looser 放松，使松，松弛
A cup of coffee will loosen you up. 一杯咖啡会使你放松下来。
Link: loose adj松的, 散漫的: have a loose tooth 牙齿松了

25. sour v: make or become unpleasant or difficult 使变坏，使恶化
Many friendships have soured over borrowed money.
许多人的友谊都是因为借钱而而变味的。
Link: sour a酸的，馊的; 乖张的；坏脾气的

26. to some degree: to some extent某种程度上, (多少)有一点
I agree with you to some degree.我在某种程度上同意你的意见。
  Link: to the last degree极度地; by degree逐渐地

27. greedy(for) adj: filled with desire 贪婪的，贪心的; 贪吃的; 渴望的
Obviously, some people are greedy for power.显然, 有些人贪恋权势。
Link: greed n贪欲, 贪婪ð greedily adv贪婪地ðgreediness n贪吃, 贪欲

28. sensitive adj : showing sympathy or understanding敏感的，同情理解的
   He's very sensitive about being small. 他对自己个头小很敏感。
Link: sense n感觉；知觉；感知ð sensible adj有感觉的, 明智的
ðsensitivity n敏感, 灵敏性ðinsensitive adj感觉迟钝的

全真考题: [CET4: 2002.6]
During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the C silk from damage.
A sensitive     B. tender     C. delicate    D. sensible
句意: 在加工过程中，千万注意保护易损的丝绸。
解析: A.敏感的；B.温柔的；C.纤细而易损坏的 D. 有感觉的, 明智的
 
29. undermine v: weaken gradually; destroy 使逐渐削弱，暗中损坏
Being selfish will undermine your authority. 自私会降低你的权威。

30. limited a: few or small 极少; 有限的；负有限责任的（公司）
   Most companies are limited companies in the world.
世界上大多数公司都属于有限公司。
   Link: unlimited a无限的, (数量)极大的ð limitation n限制

31. contradiction n: being contrary to; disagreement矛盾，不一致; 否认，反驳
The short-term priorities are in direct contradiction to our long- term goals.
短期的优先与我们长期的目标直接矛盾。
  Link: contradict v同...矛盾 ð contradictive adj倾向于矛盾的, 抵触的

32. conversely adv: opposite to sth相反地，另一面
You can add the liquid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the liquid.
你可以将液体倒到粉末里，或者反过来，将粉末倒到液体里。
  Link: converse n相反的事物, 逆行adj相反的, 颠倒的

33. submit(to) : give in 屈服于，服从 ; 提出，提交
She decided to submit to the new rules. 她决定接受新的规则。
I submitted my papers to the examiner.我把试卷交给主考老师。

34. on demand: 一经要求，应要求
Babies should be fed on demand. 婴儿有需求时就必须喂食。
  Link: in demand非常需要的，受欢迎的

35. uncover v: make known or discover揭露，暴露
The police uncovered a plan to steal money.警察揭露了一个盗款的计划。

36. prompt a : done or acting without delay 迅速的，敏捷的，即时的
They ask for prompt payment of bills 他们要求迅速付款

37. definite a : sure; certain ; clear一定的，肯定的; 明确的，无疑的
I want a definite answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.我要明确的答覆，“是”或“否”。
  Link: define v 下定义ðdefinition n定义 ð indefinite adj模糊的, 不确定的

全真考题: [CET4: 1996.1]
I’m not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a (n) C promise to help you.                                       
A exact     B. defined     C. definite       D. sure
句意: 我不敢确定我的投资是否能获得任何利润，所以我不能明确地保证可以帮你。
解析: A.准确的；B.规定的；C. 明确的；D.可靠的
 
38. manner n: way of behaving towards others态度; 方式，方法; 礼貌；
You should have good manners all the time.任何时候都应该有礼貌。

39. turn over a new leaf: 悔过自新, 重新做人
She decided to turn over a new leaf and give up smoking.
她决定改掉旧习惯，把烟戒掉。

40. bound adj: certain to do sth 一定… be bound to注定
  He's bound to fail the exam if he doesn't work hard.
如果他不努力，注定会考试不及格。

41. improvement n: 改良，改进，改善
Much improvement has been made in the public order of the city.
这个城市的治安有了很大的改进。
Link: improve v改善, 改进

42. slip n: small mistakes 过失，小错，小疏忽
One slip and you could lose the game. 一步不慎，全局皆输。
Link: slip vi.滑倒, 出错
      
43. in the end:  at last; finally 最后，终于

全真考题: [CET4: 1993.6]
B of this month, we surely will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A In the end     B. By the end     C. On end     D. At the end
句意: 到本月底为止，我们肯定会找到解决问题的满意办法。
解析: A 最后，终于；B.到…为止；C. 连续地；D.在...末尾。
   
 
Unit 6 Section A
1. As …，so…正如…，（你）会…
As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master.
正如我不会做奴隶,我也不会做奴隶主.

2. elegant adj: 优美的，文雅的，精致的
The lady is elegant in her manners and her speech. 
这位女士谈吐举止都很优雅。

3. application n official request 申请，请求，应用，使用
Applications should be handed in as early as possible. 尽早提交申请。
Link: apply vi. 申请，应用  application n申请

4. substitute v&n: 代替，替代　
Some countries are substituting violence for dialogue.
有些国家正以暴力代替对话。
Link: substitute A for B: 用A代替B;  a substitute for…的代替者

5. naturally adj: of course; by nature 当然，天生，预料中地           
Dancing seemed to come naturally to her.跳舞对她来说是天生的。
Link: nature n天性，自然  natural adj天然的，意料中的naturally adv

6. confidence n: full trust 信心，自信，信赖，信任
Considering my past experience, I have full confidence in my ability to fill the position. 考虑到我以往工作经历, 我对我自己担任该职位充满信心.
Link: confidence n confident adj充满信心的  self-confidence自信

7. talent n: great ability天才，人才，才能
Don’t hide your talents in a napkin. 不要埋没了自己的才能.

8. definition n: an exact statement of sth  定义，清晰度
They failed to give the word an exact definition.
他们没能给该单词下一个正确的定义。
Link: define v下定义  definition n 定义

9. characteristic of : representative of特有，独特的，特点
Manufacturing industry is a characteristic of our city.
制造业是我们城市的一个特色。

10. approval of批准，同意，认可
The father expressed approval of what the son did.
父亲对儿子的所作所为表示赞许。
Link: approve v 赞同，认可 approval n 赞成，认可 disapproval n 反对

11. reserve n&v: 保留，预定，沉默;  reserve for 替…保留
His icy reserve offended us. 他冷冰冰的沉默激怒了我们。

全真考题: [CET-4: 2002.4]      
We’d like to B a table for five for dinner this evening.   
 A. preserve   B. reserve  C. retain  D. sustain
句意: 给我预定一张今晚的五人餐桌。
解析: A. 保护，保存；B.保留，预定；C. 保持，保留；D. 支持，维持
    
12. specific adj: detailed, exact 具体的，特有的，特定的 
Most people believe that language is a characteristic specific to human being.
大部分人认为语言是人类特有的。
Link: specify v 明确说明，具体指定  specific特定的, 具体的

13. latter a&n: 两者中的后者的，后面的
   I prefer the former to the latter. 我喜欢前者，而不是后者。
               
全真考题: [CET: 1991.6]
 The former focuses on the natural world;  the D starts with human beings and
 studies how human beings and their environment act upon each other.   
A second   B. later  C. next   D. latter
句意: 前面讨论的是自然环境，接下来讨论人类及人类和环境的相互作用。
解析: the former… the latter… 是固定用法，指两者中的“前者…后者…”。
   
14. qualify v: have the qualities  使具有资格的，使合格的    
Tom is well qualified for the job.汤姆很有资格做这份工作。

15. prominent a: important, well-known  重要的，杰出的，突出的
  She is likely to play a prominent part in the campaign.
  她有可能在竞选中发挥杰出作用。

全真考题 [CET-4: 1996.6]
The most A technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution                                                     
A prominent  B. prosperous  C. column  D. prevalent
句意: 二十世纪最重要的技术成就很可能是计算机革命。
解析: A. 杰出的 B.繁荣的；C.圆柱的 D.流行的
   
16. refine v: Make(sth/sb) more elegant使文雅，使高尚，精练，提纯
We shall have to refine on our method of advertising, if we are to reach a wide public. 如果我们想要更多的公众知道，我们必须改进广告方法。

17. acquaintance n: knowledge of sb/sth 了解，相识的人。  
I have some acquaintance with the language.我稍微懂这门语言。
Shall old acquaintance be forgotten and never brought to mind?
老朋友是否应该忘记，并不再想起？

18. attractive adj: attracting 有吸引力的，有魅力的，有迷惑力的      
We saw the attractive side of his personality that day.
那天我们看到他吸引人的个性。
   Link: attract v 吸引  attraction n吸引 attractive adj有吸引力的

19. impressive adj: having a strong effect on sb 使人印象深刻的    
Their achievements in math are pretty impressive.
他们的数学成绩给人留下了深刻的印象。
Link: impress v&n. 给人留下深刻印象, 印  impression n 印象，印记

20. extent n: the degree specified  程度，长度，面积范围
to some extent在某种程度上

全真考题[CET-4: 1997.6]
The newspaper did not mention the C of the damage cause by fire.  
 A range   B. level  C. extent  D. quantity
句意: 报纸没有提及火灾造成的损失程度。
解析: A. 范围  B. 水平 C. 程度  D. 数量
   
21. confess v: admit often unwillingly 承认，坦白confess to doing
   Tom has confessed to taking the money. Tom承认拿了钱。

全真考题[CET-4: 1997.6]
The man in the corner confessed to D a lie to the manager of the company.
 A have told   B. be told  C. being told  D. having told
句意: 在角落的那个人承认曾经对经理撒过谎。
解析: 从句意看，此句需用主动态，confess to中的to是介词，只能跟名词性成分。
   
22. thoughtful adj: thinking deeply 深思的，思考的，体贴的，关心的      
It is very thoughtful of you to send me the present.
你送这个礼物给我真是考虑周到。
Link: think v思考  thought n 思想  thoughtful adj考虑周到的

23. award v&n: give 授予，给予，奖金，奖品      
She was awarded a medal for her bravery.她因勇敢而授予一枚奖章。

24. objective n目标，目的            
His objective is to become the best athlete. 他的目标是成为最好的运动员。 
Link: objective adj客观的，公正的an objective assessment 客观的评价

25. intelligence n understanding, intellect  智力，智慧，理解里力     
Intelligence is like a light. 智慧就象一盏灯。        
Link: intelligent adj 聪明的，明智的

26. despair v&n : lose all hope 失望，绝望 despair of sth 对什么不抱希望
Hopes and despairs always accompany our life. But never despair of hope.
希望和绝望总是伴随着我们的生活，但永远不要绝望。

27. label v&n: describe sb/sth把什么称为，用标签标明，称呼，标签
   Read the instructions on the label. 读一读标签上的说明。

全真考题[CET-4: 2002.1]
The A stuck in the envelope says “By Air”.
A. label  B. signal  C. mark  D. diagram
句意: 贴在信封上标签上标有“航空”字样。
解析: A 标签，签条；B. 信号，暗号；C. 记号，标记；D. 图表，表格。
   
28. determination n: deciding 决心；决定；决断力；确定           
He has overcome his difficulties with his courage and determination
凭借自己的勇气和决心他克服了困难。
Link: determine v 决定，下决心  determination n决心，决定
 
29．fill out 填写
It took me several hours to fill out the application form.
我花了几个小时才填完这份申请表。

30．for better or worse不管结果是好是坏
For better or worse, our destinies are closely linked together.
不管是好是坏，我们的命运已紧紧联系在一起。

31．convey to : make known to 表达；转达
They conveyed their deepest sympathy to the families of the victims.
他们向遇难者家属表达了深切慰问。

32. attach sth to sth: connect sth with sth 使…与…相关联  
Both her parents attach great importance to education他的父母非常重视教育。

33. even so: in spite of that 虽然这样，然而；不过 
Crashes are rare, but even so, there should be stricter safety regulations.
尽管坠机事故很少，但还是应该制定更加严格的安全规定。

34. turn down: refuse to consider 拒绝，驳回，调低，调小
   I couldn’t very well turn him down. 我不太好拒绝他。

35. come up to: move towards走进，移进
It’s hard for many people to come up to the highest standard.
对许多人来说要达到最高水平是很难的。

36.press for: demand with force 强烈要求
Many students are pressing for improved studying conditions.
许多学生强烈要求改善学习环境。

37.be ill at ease: embarrassed 不自在；
He appeared ill at ease at the party last night. 昨晚他在宴会上显得很拘谨。
 
38. free from: 没有...
We should give all children a world free from violence.
    我们应该让孩子生活在一个没有暴力的世界。

39. be guilty of: be to blame for犯…过错/罪  
This government is guilty of much talk and little action
这届政府的毛病是说的多，做的少。

40. take charge of: take control of 负责管理；对…负责
He is taking charge of a big company. 他如今负责一家大公司。

41.be stuck with sth无法摆脱… 
We were stuck with relatives who came to stay unexpectedly.
  我们难以摆脱那些不期而至的亲戚。

42. value v&n 珍惜，尊重, 价值
A society that does not value knowledge will get nowhere.
不尊重知识的社会将一事无成。

Unit 6 Section B

1. valid adj: well based 合情合理的；健全的；有效的；具有法律效力的
Her excuse was not valid. 她的辩护是站不住脚的。

2. virtually adv: almost 实际上，事实上，几乎
On the label, the milk is described as “virtually fat-free”.
这种牛奶标签上写着“基本上不含脂肪”。
Link: virtue n美德，好处，优点  virtual adj本质的，实际的

3. tidy a&v: arranged in order, make tidy整洁的，整齐的；使整洁，整齐
  She always likes to look tidy. 她总是喜欢把自己打扮得整整齐齐。

全真考题[CET-4: 1999.6]
After the guests left, she spent half an hour B the sitting-room.
A arranging  B. tidying up   C. ordering  D. clearing away   
句意: 客人离开后她花了半小时才把房间收拾干净。
解析: A 安排；B. 整理干净；C. 命令，订购；D. 清除
 
4. conceal v: hide 隐藏，隐蔽，隐瞒  
He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family.
他竭力向家人隐瞒他酗酒的习惯。

5. poverty n: state of being poor 贫穷，贫困     
Many people are still living in poverty in the world.
当今世界仍然有很多人生活贫困。
Link: poor adj 贫穷的，可怜的  poverty n贫穷

6. mild adj: not sharp or harsh, soft 轻微地；不严重地；温柔的和善的      
Tom gives the impression of being a rather mild man 汤姆给人一种温和的印象。
                                                                                                                                                                 
7. emotional adj: of expressing emotions 情感的，易激动的    
Some people are very emotional.有些人很容易激动。
Link: emotion n 情感，感情，情绪，激情  emotional adj

8. charity n : 慈善机构；施舍；捐助；救济款 
Many charities sent money to help the victims of the flood.
许多慈善机构寄钱救济洪灾灾民。

9. exclusive a&n: 专一的，独用的，奢华的高级的，独家新闻   
This room is for the exclusive use of guests. 这间房间供客人专用。

10. wander vi.: Move about without purpose漫游，闲逛，离群，迷失方向
Jack always wanders in his talks.杰克说话总是东拉西扯。

11. blend v&n: mix or combine together 使混合，交融，混合物   
His manner was a blend of friendliness and respect.他的态度既友善又毕恭毕敬。

12. scale n: relative size, extent规模，大小，等级，级别 
The scale of production in the factory has increased this year.
今年这家厂的规摸扩大了。
Link: upper-scale adj 上流的，高档的  down-scale adj下等的，低挡的

13. discourage v劝阻，使泄气discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
We discourage smoking on the campus.
我们反对在校园里抽烟。
Link: courage n 鼓励 encourage v鼓励  discourage v不鼓励 

14. rib v make fun of in a friendly way 开玩笑，取笑
She was continuously ribbed about her accent.她的口音常受到别人的取笑。
   Link：rib n 肋骨

15. imitate v: copy 模仿，仿制，仿造，效仿 
Actors are very clever at imitating others. 演员很擅长模仿他人。

16. rude adj impolite, simple 无礼粗野的，简陋的
It is rude to stare at others. 盯着人看是不礼貌的.

17. accompany v: happen at the same 伴随  
Fever is almost accompanied by cough. 发烧几乎总是伴有咳嗽。

18. grace n&v 风度，优美，增光
He should have the grace to admit that he was wrong.
他应该有承认错误的风度.
We were graced with the presence of our chairman.
承蒙主席的光临，我们不胜荣幸。

19. symbol n 代表物；象征；标志；记号；符号
   The dove is the symbol of peace. 白鸽是和平的象征。

全真考题[CET-4: 2002.6]
Many people like white color as it is a A of purity.     
A. symbol   B. sign   C. signal  D. symptom
句意: 许多人都喜欢白色，因为它象征纯洁。
解析: A. 象征，标志；B. 标记，符号；C. 信号；D.(病的)征兆
 
20. accurate adj: exactly correct 确切的，精确的
His is very accurate in his calculations.他的计算非常正确。
Link: accuracy n精确性
 
21. bound n: limits 边界，界限  
Violent TV programs are out of bounds for children
孩子们不应该看暴力电影。
  Link: be bound to 一定会：We are bound to win. 我们一定会赢。

22. internalize v 使内化  
She finally internalized her parent’s attitudes towards her boyfriend.
她最后终于接受了父母对她男朋友的看法。
Link: internal adj内部的；内心的；国内的
23. superficial adj not deep  肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的
You have only a superficial knowledge of the subject.你对该学科只有肤浅的了解。

24. prevail vi exist generally or fight successfully盛行，流行；获胜，占上风
This is a strange custom that still prevails. 这是个仍在盛行的奇怪风俗。
We hope that common sense will prevail and an agreement will soon be reached.
我们希望常识将占上风, 协议将很快得以签署.

25. catalogue v& n: make a list of things  把什么编入目录；目录  
Many rare plants have not yet been catalogued. 许多珍稀动物还没有分类。

26. go to great lengths : make a great deal of effort 竭尽全力去做
They have gone great length to make the guests feel at home.
他们千方百计使客人有宾至如归的感觉。

27. act sth out: 实行，表现，扮演    
Children’s strong feelings often get acted out in bad behavior.
孩子们的强烈情感通过不良行为表现出来。

28. speak of sth: suggest sth表明，暗示   
Her eyes speak of suffering. 她的眼中流露出痛苦的神情。

29. turn off: drive away赶走    
Unwanted visitors will be turned off our land.
不受欢迎的来访者将会从我们的土地上赶走。

30. tune out: ignore 不理会，不理睬 
The boy tuned out his mother’s commands.这男孩不理睬母亲的吩咐。

31. up to sth: capable of sth 能做，胜任
I don’t feel up to going to work today. 我今天不舒服，不能去上班。

32. apart from: besides 除了  
I hardly know anyone in the school apart from Mr. Wang.
除了王先生，我几乎不认识这个学校的什么人。

33. out of character: unlike one’s usual nature不符合某人的个性
Her behavior last night was quite out of character.昨晚她的举止颇有点反常。
Link: in character（与自身特征）相符       

34. turn to sth 着手开始，turn to sb 求助于某人
You can turn to the teacher for help when in trouble. 有问题可以求助于老师.
 
Unit 7 Section A

1. spin v&n: move round and round quickly （使）迅速地旋转；纺纱  
I feel faint and the room seems spinning. 我感到头晕，房间似乎在旋转。

2. titled adj 名字是，标题是
Have you found the book titled Oliver Twist?
你找到了那本名为“Oliver Twist”的书吗？
Link: title n书名,标题, 头衔: the title of professor教授的头衔.
         
3. react v : change as a result of 反应；反对，反抗         
I wasn’t sure how she would react.我不知道她会做出什么反应。
Link: reactor n 原子反应堆  reaction n 反映，反作用，反对        
 
4. tense adj: unable to relax 紧张的
Researchers have found that being tense had a negative effect on students’ examination results. 研究者发现紧张对学生的考试成绩有负面影响.

5. excess a&n: extra or additional 额外(的)，过量(的) 
This excess of losses over profits will ruin the business.
这种亏损超过赢利的情况会使企业跨掉。

6. attribute v&n: 把什么归因于；属性    
They attributed their success to their teacher’s encouragement.  
他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励。

7. exterior n&a : outside外部(的)，外表(的)  
On the exterior she is charming, but on the interior she is known to have a violent temper. 外表看去,她很迷人,但在她的内心,人们都知道她性情暴躁.
Link: (反义词) interior n&a内部(的)        

8. delegate v&n: send a person as a representative授权，委托，代表
He delegated his responsibilities to an assistant. 他授权一名助手代司其责。

9. cycle n&v周期，循环, (骑)自行车             
How can they stop the unending cycle of violence?
他们如何才能结束这种无休止的暴力事件？ 

10. emphasis n: special importance 强调，重要性    
Some schools put great emphasis on language study.一些学校非常注重语言学习。 
Link: emphasize v 强调

11. stir v&n: excite 搅动；使激动；动乱 stir in one’s own juice 受煎熬的      
The news stirred the anger of the people. 这个消息激起了人们的愤怒。

12 .outlet n: way out  出口；发泄精力，情感的方法     
Children need an outlet for their energy. 孩子需要有发泄精力的渠道。

13. recommend v: suggest, advise 建议，劝告，推荐
The teacher recommended that everyone buy this dictionary.
老师推荐每人都买这本字典。    
Link:  recommendation n  推荐，介绍；建议；优点

全真考题[CET_4: 1995.6]
It is recommended that the project  A  until all the preparations have been made.
A not be started    B. will not be started   C. is not started   D. is not to be started
句意: 有人建议这项工程应该等到所有准备工作完成后再开工。
解析: 与recommend连用的名词性从句中要使用“（should+）原型动词”形式。
 
14. financial adj: concerning money财政的，金融的
They offer a range of financial services. 我们提供一系列的金融服务。
Link: finance n 财政，金融

15. independent adj : not dependent 独立的，自主的；无偏见的，中立的
She likes to be financially independent她喜欢经济上独立。.  
Link: depend v 依靠 dependent adj依靠的

16. stimulate v: make sb/sth more active刺激；激动
Success will stimulate a person into further efforts. 成功会激励人不断努力。

17. temper n 心情，脾气 
He is not a bad boss, but he has a short temper. 他不是个坏老板，但性子很急。
Link: even-tempered 性情平和的  mild-tempered温和的 good-tempered好脾气的hot-/quick-/short-tempered 脾气急躁的 bad-/ill-tempered坏脾气的

18. priority n优先处理的事；居先，优先权
Police directing traffic give priority to fire engines.
    指挥交通的警察给救火车优先。
Link: prior adj在前的，优先的

全真考题[CET-4: 1996.6]
The problems requiring immediate solution will be given A at the meeting.
A．priority  B. urgency   C. superiority  D. emergency 
句意: 这些需要立刻解决的问题将在这次会议上优先处理。 
解析:  A. 优先， B. 迫切  C. 优势；D. 紧急情况
 
19. viewpoint n : a point of view 观点，看法
My viewpoint differs from yours completely. 我的观点和你的完全不一样。

20. troublesome adj : giving trouble 令人烦恼的，麻烦的，使人痛苦的 
David is a troublesome student in my class. 大卫是我班的一个调皮的学生。
Link: trouble n&v  苦恼，不幸，麻烦  troublesome adj麻烦的

21. deadline n: appoint in time by which sth must be done最后期限
The deadline was only two days away. 离最后期限只有两天。

22. flee v: run, escape 逃跑，逃避   
The news says that the President has fled the country. 消息说总统逃到国外。

23. out of control: not in one’s power  失去控制，不听约束
The airplane went out of control and crashed. 飞机失去控制，坠毁了

24. cut down: reduce in number or amount  减少
If you can’t give up smoking completely, at least try to cut down.     
如果不能完全戒烟，至少要减少抽烟。

25. keep … in mind: remember 记住
Keep that in mind when you come to make your decision 做决定时记住这点。

Unit 7 Section B

1.dimension n: a factor 方面，特点；尺度（宽，长，厚，高）
His character has several different dimensions. 他的性格是多方面的
Link: dimensional adv有…维的；…方面的  three-dimensional三维的

2. constantly adv : continuously经常地，不断地
The direction of the wind is constantly changing. 风向老是在变。
Link: constant adj 经常的，永恒的: constant change 不断的变化

3. drunk adj : excited by alcoholic drink（酒）醉的；drunk with陶醉于
  She is drunk with power. 她醉心于权力。
Link: drink v 饮（酒） drunk adj

4. consequence n : importance 重要性；结果，后果in consequence因此，结果
  Such a mistake would perhaps lead to terrible consequence.
  这样的错误也许会导致灾难性的后果。

5. system n: 制度，体制，系统  
  His new system for providing information works well.
他提供信息的新方法很管用。

6. sanction v&n : allow批准，认可
   I need my parent’s sanction to stay out late. 我晚回家需要得到父母的许可。

7. employee n: person employed for wages雇员
  Their employees work a ten-hour day. 他们的员工每天需要工作十个小时。
Link: employ v雇佣，利用  employer n 雇主 employee n雇员

8. loyal adj: true to sb/sth忠诚的，忠贞的
A good friend is always loyal. 好朋友永远是忠诚的。

9. hazard v&n : risk, subject to danger冒险 
He hazarded his life to save the child. 他冒着生命危险去救那孩子。

10. trap v&n（使陷入）困境，陷阱    
She found herself trapped in a dead-end job.
她觉得自己陷入了一个没有前途的工作。

11. consumption n the amount used or eaten 消费（量），消耗量
   That price rise did not reduce consumption.
   价格上涨并没有减少消费。
Link: consume v消费，消耗 consumption n

全真考题[CET-4: 2000.1]
In Britain people B four million tons of potatoes every year.
A swallow   B. consume   C. dispose   D. exhaust
句意: 英国人每年消费四百万吨土豆。
解析: A. 吞，咽；B. 消耗，消费；C. 处置，安排；D. 使尽力，耗尽。
    
12. necessarily adv: as a sure result必然地，必定地
Good food is not necessarily expensive.好的食品未必价钱贵。
Link: necessary ad必要的  necessity n 必要性，需要，必需品 

13. evident adj obvious, clear明显的
It was evident that the play was a hit. 显然演出非常成功。
Link: evidence n 证据, 迹象  evident adj明显的

14．competition n竞争 
Competition has intensified in recent years. 近几年竞争越来越激烈了。
Link: compete v竞争competitive adj竞争的  competent adj胜任的

15. rack v 使受折磨  rack up积累
The team has racked up ten points to win the game.
这个队已为赢得比赛积累了十分。

16. discharge v&n: give, send out放出；排出（物）
The chimney discharges smoke. 烟囱往外排出烟尘。

17. equate v regard as equal等同，同等对待，
Wealth should not be equated with happiness. 财富不应与幸福等同起来。
Link: equate v 等同equation n方程式，等式；等同

18. presumably adv it may be supposed that大概，可能
They are students, so presumably they won’t have much money.
他们是学生, 因此大概不会有太多钱。
Link: presumable adj可能的  presumably adv可能地

19. rational adj reasonable 合理的，明智的
Your choice was rational. 你的选择是明智的
Link: rationalize v说明理由  rational adj合理的，明智的

20. deny v否认 拒绝 deny sb sth拒绝给与某人某物deny doing 拒绝做…
They denied the prisoner all freedom. 他们拒绝给与犯人任何自由。

全真考题 [ 1991.6 ]
American women were  D  the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored   B. neglecter   C. refused   D. denied
句意: 经过多年的艰苦斗争后美国妇女终于在1920年获得了选举权。
解析: A. 忽略，不管；B. 疏忽，忽然；C. 拒绝；D. 否认，拒绝给予
 ☞ were denied the right to vote 被拒绝给与选举权
    
21．schedule n a timetable 时间表，进度表，程序表；  
She always has a full schedule. 她的日程表总是排的满满的。
    Link：schedule v安排: to schedule an appointment 安排约会

22. indispensable adj : completely necessary 绝对必要的，必不可少的 
Books are indispensable things in our life.
书是我们的生活中必不可少的东西。
    Link：be indispensable to 对…必不可少

22. ambition n: a goal, objective  抱负，目标；野心，雄心 
He has tremendous ambition 他很有雄心壮志。
Link: ambitious adj雄心勃勃的，有野心的
            
全真考题[CET-4: 2002.1]
My brother’s plans are very B ; he wants to master English, French and Spanish
before he is sixteen  
A．abundant   B. ambitious   C. arbitrary   D. aggressive
句意:我弟弟有雄心勃勃的计划，他希望在16岁前掌握英语、法语和西班牙语。
解析: A.丰富的B. 雄心勃勃的C. 任意的，武断的；D. 攻击性的，侵略性的
    
23. durable adj : lasting for a long time 耐用的，持久的
Friendship based on money can never be durable.
建立在金钱基础上的友谊绝对不可能持久。
Link: durability n 耐用，持久 

24. welfare n : health, comfort and happiness  福利，安康
He has worked for the public welfare for 30 years.
他为公众福利已工作了30年。

25. summarize v : make or be a summary of 总结，概述
He summarized the book in 10 pages. 他用了十页的篇幅把这本书作了归纳。
Link: summary n 总结  summarize v 总结     

26. means n a method or way 手段，途径 
They used dishonest means to achieve victory in the election
他们采用了不正当的手段取得了竞选的胜利。

27. other than：except 除了
You can’t get there other than by swimming. 除了游泳你无法到达那里。

全真考题[CET-4: 1999.6]
In no country A Britain, can one experience four seasons in a single day.     
A. other than   B. more than   C. better than   D. rather than    
句意: 只有在英国你才能在一天中经历四季的变化。
解析: In no country other than Britain…意为：除了英国，其他国家都不…。
    
28. to the contrary：to the opposite effect 相反地
She is unhappy despite all her argument to the contrary.    
尽管她竭力说她很快乐，可她并不幸福。

29. burn the midnight oil  study or work until late at night 开夜车 
Burning the midnight oil is harmful to our health. 开夜车有害健康。

30. at risk: in danger 处于危险当中
These measures will put many small businesses at risk.
这些措施会使许多小公司陷入危险中。

31. fear for: be concerned about … 担心，忧虑   
Parents often fear for their children’s school lives.
父母经常担心孩子们在学校的生活。

32. devote to: give (one’s energy, time, etc.) to 献身于，致力于
He has devoted most of his time to his painting. 他大部分时间都用来画画了。
 
Unit 8 Section A

1. informal adj not formal 非正式的，随便的  
There will be an informal talk between the two leaders.
两位领导人将举行一次非正式的会谈。
Link: formal adj 正式的，形式上的  informal adj 非正式的，随便的  

2. poll n : a survey of public opinion 民意调查，选举投票
The result of the poll won’t be known until after midnight.
民意调查结果要到半夜以后才揭晓。

3. resident n居民  
Many local residents object to this project. 许多当地居民反对这项工程。
Link: residence n 居住，住处；居住资格

4. accordingly adv 因此，相应地
She was angry and accordingly refused to attend the meeting.
她很生气，因此拒绝参加会议。
Link: according to 根据  accordingly adv因此，相应地

5. salary n fixed regular wages, usu., monthly 薪金 (常按月支付) 
He is on a very good salary. 他现在薪水很高。
  Link: wage n薪金(常按天或小时支付) 

6. elementary adj : simple; basic 简单的，初级的，基础的
Public elementary school is free of charge in Britain 英国的小学是免费的。
Link: element n 元素，基础，成分  elementary简单的，初级的，基础的

7. secondary adj less important that sth else 次要的；（教育/学校）中等的
The colour of the car is secondary to its quality and price.
跟质量和价格比较起来，车的颜色是次要的。
Link: second num 第二  secondary adj次要的

8. specialization n：specializing  专业化，专门化
There is too much specialization of subjects in our school. 我们学校里分科太细。
Link: specialize in 专攻，专门研究  specialization n  专业化

9. corporation n a business company 公司
Mary now works for a large Chinese corporation 玛丽现在一家中国大公司工作。

10. agency n a government organization 政府机构；经销处；代理处
Some voluntary agencies help runaway children
有些自发的机构帮助无家可归的孩子们。
Link: agent n 代理商，代理人 agency n 机构

11. confine n&v: 界限，限制confine sb/sth to sth 把…限制在…里面
Ill health confined him to his room. 健康不佳把他限制在家里。

12. occupation n a job, employment职业；消遣
His favorite occupation is reading. 他最喜欢的消遣是读书。

13. render v give 给予，使得 
His rudeness rendered me speechless. 他的粗鲁使我讲不出话来。

14. institution n 公共机构      
Now he is living in an charitable institution 现在他住在一所福利院里。 
  
15. preferable adj preferred 更可取的，更合意的
A house outside the city is preferable to an apartment downtown
城郊的房子比市中心的公寓更理想。
Link: prefer v宁愿，更喜欢  preferable adj  preference n较喜欢，宁愿 

16. incredible adj impossible or very difficult to believe 难以置信  
That’s the most incredible story I’ve ever heard!
那是 我听说过的最难以置信的事。

17. contribution n奉献，贡献   
He has made an important contribution to the company’s success.
他对公司的成功做了重要的贡献。
Link: contribute v 贡献，奉献  contribution n 奉献，贡献

18. artistic adj of art or artists艺术的         
He has considerable artistic ability. 他有很高的艺术才能。
Link: artist n美术家，艺术家  artistic adj 艺术的  

19. wisdom n quality of being wise智慧
He was praised for his courage and wisdom.他因为自己的勇气和智慧受到表扬。
Link: wise adj 聪明的 wisdom n 智慧     

2o. accumulate v make to become greeter in quantity 累积，积累
Work hard and you will accumulate a fortune someday.
如果你努力工作，总有一天会积累起一笔财富。

21. conference n discussions or exchange of views 会议，讨论（会）
Many Chinese are invited to attend the conference.
许多中国人被邀请出席这次会议。

22. distinguish v draw distinctions 区别，表现，突出      
A child usually can not distinguish right from wrong.小孩通常不能明辨是非。

23. classical adj (of music ) serious and traditional in style .古典的，经典的  
Many young people don’t love classical music 许多年轻人不喜欢古典音乐。

24. if only但愿，真希望
   If only she had had more courage. 她当时有更多的勇气就好了。
   Link: if only 必须与虚拟语气连用。

全真考题[CET-4: 1998.1]
I’m sure he is up to the job.  A  he would give his mind to it.
A. if only   B. in case   C. until   D. unless
解析:  A.但愿  B.以免  C. 直到…才 D. 如果不，除非
句意: 我相信他一定能胜任这份工作。但愿他认真就好了！
    
25. well off: in good position, esp. financially 富有
Only those who are well off can afford this house. 这房子只有有钱人才买得起。

26. at a low: at a low level or figure 处于低水平/数字
The economy has been at a bit of a low. 经济情况不太好。

27. arrive at: reach 达成，得出，到达  
After three hours’ discussion they arrived at an agreement.
经过三小时的讨论后，他们达成了一项协议。

28. read of: find out about sb/sth by reading 读到…
I have read of many interesting places in books.
我在书中读到过许多有趣的地方。

29. in the long run: in the end 最后；从长远看
In the long run, it is wise to master a foreign language.
从长远看，掌握一门外语是明智的。
Link: in the short run 从短期看
   
30. dawn on sb 使某人突然明白
The sense of all that he was saying suddenly dawned on her.
她突然明白了他的话的意义.

           Unit 8 Section B

1. expansion n expanding 扩大，扩张，膨胀
The company has given up plans for further expansion.
公司已经放弃进一步扩张的计划。
Link: expand v 扩张，膨胀  expansion n扩大，扩张，膨胀

2. scholar n 学者，获奖学金的学生
Scholars have long argued about the question 学者们对这个问题争论已久。
Link: scholastic adj 学校的，学院的, 学术的

3. motivate v cause to want to do sth 激起（兴趣的），激发，激励
We have to try and motivate our sales people. 我们得设法调动销售员的积极性。
Link: motivation n 动机

4. prospect n chance of success 前途，前景；可能性
Students who have finished a degree will have a better employment prospect.
读完了学位的学生将会有更好的就业前景。

5. accountant n 会计师
Her sister is an accountant in a big company. 她的姐姐是一家大公司的会计师。
Link: account for 说明，解释

6. civil adj within the country 国内的,平民的,文职的  
Many people have been driven from their homes by the civil war.
许多人因内战而被迫离开家园。

7. equality n being equal 平等，同等，均等
Young men are seeking equality with their elders.
年轻人正寻求与他们的长辈建立平等关系。
Link: equal adj平等的 equality n平等 

8. comparison n the act of comparing 比较，对照
Why are things cheaper in comparison to last year?
为什么今年的东西比去年便宜？
Link: compare v 比较  comparison n比较，对照

9. athlete n  运动员
He wants to be an outstanding athlete.他希望成为一名出色的运动员。

10. proportion n comparative part or share 部分，比例，比率  
What proportion of your salary goes to food? 你花在吃上面的工资比例是多少?

11. constructive adj helpful 有益的，积极的，建设性的
It is a very constructive suggestion这是一个建设性的建议。
Link: construct v建造，构成constructive adj建设性的

12. vision n an idea构想，设想；视力
He has a very clear vision of the future.他对未来有非常清晰明确的构想。

13. gang n&v: a group of friends结伴的朋友；一群罪犯，
He was killed in a fight with another gang. 他在跟另外一帮人打架时被杀死了。

14. swell v (cause to) become greater 肿起,（使）增加
His knee swelled up after the fall. 摔跤后他的膝盖肿起来了。

15. rank n 级别，地位；队伍
Few people want to join the ranks of the unemployed.
很少有人希望加入失业的队伍。

16. industrial adj of industry 工业的，产业的；工业高度发达的
America’s industrial production fell for the fourth successive month.
美国工业生产连续四个月下降了。
Link: industry n 

17. variation n varying 变化；变体
All your ideas are just variations on his theory.
你所有的观点只不过是他的理论的变体。
Link: vary v 变化  variation n 变体

18. forecast n&v prediction; predict 预测，预言
There is a forecast of an 8% growth in the economy this year.
有人预测今年的经济将增长百分之八。

19. absence n lack 缺乏, 缺席，离开 in the absence of 没有…
How do you explain your absence from yesterday’s meeting?
你昨天为什么没出席会议？
We can not say he is guilty of a crime in the absence of evidence.
在没有证据的情况下,我们不能说他犯了罪.
Link: absent adj 缺席的；缺乏的；心不在焉              

20. fearful adj nervous and afraid; terrible 担心的，吓人的，可怕的 
He was fearful of her anger. 他害怕她生气。
Link: fear n&v 害怕；担心  fearful adj担心的 fearless adj 不怕的，大胆的

21. principal a&n main 重要的, 院长, 资金
Our principal concern is how to create a good environment.
我们主要关心的是如何创造一个优美的环境。
Link: principally adv主要地

22. backward adj: slow to develop or progress 落后的，向后的
Some backward parts of the country have no electricity yet.
这个国家的某些落后地区还没用上电。

23. economical adj not wasteful 节约的，经济的
A good manager is economical in the use of his funds.
好的经理在使用资金方面会精打细算。
Link: economy n节约，经济  economic adj经济的

24. dominant adj dominating 重要的，支配的
The company can not preserve its dominant position in the market.
公司无法保持自己在市场的统治地位.
Link: dominate v支配，控制  dominant adj重要的，支配的

25. asset n 重要的人或物，财产，资产
The business has assets totaling 10 million Yuan 这家公司总资产有一千万元。

26. grind to a halt 慢慢停止 
The peace progress ground to a halt and both parties went back to the battlefield.
和平进程渐渐停顿下来，双方又回到了战场。

27. eliminate v remove, take away 排除，消灭 
Four minor candidates were eliminated in the first round.
四个次要候选人在第一轮中就被刷了下来.

28. display v&n put sth on show 陈列，展览；显露，表现  
Her writing displays natural talent. 她的文章显示出了她的天赋。

29. play it safe: carefully avoid risks 稳扎稳打，小心行事
Let’s allow an extra ten minutes, just play it safe.
为谨慎起见，我们再多安排十分钟吧。

30. no wonder: it is not surprising 不令人吃惊，难怪
The teacher is rude. No wonder the children grow bored with his lesson.
该教师很粗暴. 不足为奇，孩子们渐渐对他的课不感兴趣了。

31. by comparison : when compared比较起来 
Our lives seemed dull by comparison with theirs.
跟他们比起来，我们的生活似乎是枯燥的。

32.at large: as a whole; in general全部，整个 
We have always tried to provide the public at large with accurate information
我们始终在努力为全体公众提供准确信息。
 
Unit 9 Section A

1. drain n sth that uses up strength, time and money不断消耗(力量,时间,金钱)的事
The drain of money from the country is a serious problem.
这个国家的资金外流是个严重问题。
Link: drain v排走，渐渐流干

2. Congress n 国会
  National People’s Congress全国人民代表大会

3. advanced a not elementary 高级的, 先进的
Through studying abroad, we can learn the advanced ideas of other countries.  通过出国学习,我们能够学习它国的先进思想.
  link: advance v前进

4. immigrant n (外来)移民
  London has a huge number of immigrants from different part of the world.
伦敦有大量来自世界各地的移民，。
  Link: immigrate v移居入境 immigration n 移居入境

5. namely ad. To be exact, that is即
  Switzerland is surrounded by four large neighbors, namely France, Germany, Austria and Italy.
瑞士被四大邻国环绕，， 即法国、德国、奥地利和意大利。

6. commercial a .of business practices and activities商业（上）的，商务的
He graduated from commercial college with good academic records.
他以优异的学业成绩毕业于商学院.
link: commercials n电视商业广告节目 ð commerce n 商业

7. leadership n being a leader 领导
Strong and effective leadership might have made the team more successful.
要是有强有力的领导，这支队伍的工作会更加成功。
Link: leader n 领导者

8. on top: in a better or higher position 处于领先地位
They finally got on top in the argument. 他们在辩论中最终占了上风

9. provision n: 规定，条款
We have added certain provisions into the agreement to protect foreign workers. 我们在协定中加入了一些保护外国工人的条款。
Link: provide v提供

10. reference n: a statement mentioning sb/sth提及，参考
He made obvious references to the recent news.他明显地提及近来的新闻。
Link: in reference to 关于

11 throw out: throw sth useless or unwanted away 扔掉，处理掉某物
I really must throw out those old newspapers.我真该把这些旧报纸处理掉了。

12. prime adj最重要的，主要的 Prime Minister 首相，总理
The prime cause of the trouble was bad management.
问题的主要原因是管理不善。
Link: primary a 主要的,基本的,初步的 primary school小学

13. institute n an organization, esp. one for education or research机构，学院
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a famous institute.
麻省理工学院是一所名校。

14. foot the bill: be responsible for paying the cost of sth 付账
His parents footed the bill for his course fees. 父母替他付了学费。

15. in the hope that: because of the wish that 怀着…希望
I called in the hope that she was at home.我是抱着她在家的希望打电话的。

16. parallel n sth very similar to sth else可相比拟的事物；相似处
I'm trying to see if there are any obvious parallels between the two cases.
我正在设法弄清这两起案例间有没有相似之处。
Link: parallel adj平行的

17. pledge n a promise 誓言，誓约，保证
All the politicians have made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected.
所有的政治家都保证当选后不增加税收。
Link: pledge v 发誓，保证

18. scope n the chance of doing sth 余地，机会
There won’t be any scope for me to use my Japanese.
不会有让我使用日语的机会。

19. mushroom v: spread or increase in number quickly 迅速蔓延，迅速增加
The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years.
近年来学校里的计算机的数量飞速增加。

20. keep pace with 与…同速前进，与…并驾齐驱
We must keep pace with new developments in computer technology.
我们必须跟上计算机技术的新发展。

21. in other words: that is to say 换句话说，也就是说
He should make a career outside this organization - in other words, he should leave. 他应该在这个组织之外谋求事业的发展--也就是说，他应该离开。

22.legislation n the laws made 法律
New legislation is to help single-parent families. 新法规将会帮助单亲家庭。
Link: legislate v制定法律

23. shift v : change from one position or direction to another移动，转变，转移
Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues.
传媒的注意力最近转向了环境问题。
Link: shift n 替换，调档

全真考题: [CET- 4: 2000.1]
The hopes, goals, fears and desires D widely between man and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter   B. transfer     C. shift     D. vary
句意: 希望，目标，恐惧和欲望在男人与女人，穷人与富人身上表现得极为不同。
解析: Ａ.改变，改动  B.转移,调动  C替换，调档   D变化,不同

24. appetite n a desire or need for sth esp. food 胃口，欲望
All that walking has given me an appetite. 走了那么多路，使我有了胃口。

25.academy n专科学校: an academy of music 音乐学校

26.hold water:（指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验，站得住脚
It's a very good explanation, but it won't hold water.
那倒是个绝妙的解释，但经不起推敲。

27. abandon v抛弃，遗弃；放弃
The scientist has definitely abandoned his research for lack of funds.
这位科学家由于资金缺乏明确地放弃了他的研究工作。

28. in favor of : in support of; approving of 支持；赞同
Was he in favor of making taxes lower? 他赞成减税吗？

全真考题: [CET- 4: 1991.6]
Will all those D the proposal raise their hands?
A. in relation to   B. in contrast to   C. in excess of   D. in favor of
句意: 同意该建议的人请举手，好吗？
解析: Ａ.与…相关  B.与…形成对照   C. 超过   D 赞同

29. reception n (usu. sing.) a particular kind of welcome接待，招待，欢迎
The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.
这家新医院已就绪，准备迎接第一批病人。

30. disintegrate v (cause to) break into small parts or pieces分裂，（使）分解
The plane hit a mountain and disintegrated. 那架飞机撞在山上，完全解体。
Link: integrate v 结合;融合

31. framework n: a supporting structure 框架，构架，结构
Any changes that you make must fit into the existing framework.
你所要作的任何变动都必须符合现有的框架。

32. transportation n: 运输（系统），交通（系统）
The transportation of live animals is forbidden
运输活的动物是受到禁止的。
Link: transport v 运输

全真考题: [CET-4: 2002.1]
The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous world-wide political, economic and cultural B.
A. transmission   B. transformation    C. tradition   D. transportation
句意: 二十一世纪见证了世界范围内的巨大的政治，经济和文化变革。
解析: Ａ传送  B.变革，转变  C.传统   D.运输

全真考题: [CET-4: 2000.1]
Some diseases are D by certain water animals.
A. transplanted    B. transported    C. transformed    D. transmitted
句意: 有些疾病是由水生动物传染的。
解析: Ａ移栽  B.运输  C.变革  D.传递,传染

33. call for: require, demand or need sth 需求，要求
The situation calls for prompt action 形势要求迅速采取行动。
34. tempt v 引诱
Children are easily tempted into a life of crime by violent TV program.
孩子们很容易被暴力电视节目引上犯罪的生活.

35. at the expense of以…为代价
Some students play computer games at the expense of their studies.
有些学生以学习为代价玩电脑游戏.

Unit 9 Section B

1. borderline n: 国境线，边界线；界线
The borderline between informal language and slang is hard to define.
很难对非正式语和俚语的界限加以定义。
2. get into: be allowed to enter 进入
Students get into the concert for half-price. 学生进入音乐会只花半价。

3. baggage n all the bags that one takes when traveling 行李
I take as little baggage as possible with me when I travel.
我旅行时总尽量少带行李。
Link: luggage n 行李（英）

4. likewise ad.  in the same way or manner 同样地
Watch how she does it and then do likewise.
看看她是怎么做的，然后也照着做。

5. declaration n a statement giving official information申报(单)
At the customs, you have to make a written declaration of all goods you have bought abroad. 在海关, 你必须把你在海外买的物品进行书面申报.
Link: declare v宣告

6. oblige v强迫
They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their bills.
他们被迫出售房屋来偿还债务。
Link: obligation n义务，责任

7. substance n毒品, 物质 substance abuse 滥用毒品

8. violation n 违反
The truck was stopped for a traffic violation 那卡车因违反交通规则被拦住。
Link: violate v 违反

9. terrorist n 恐怖分子
There has been an increase in terrorist attacks. 恐怖分子的袭击有增无减。
Link: terror n 恐怖, 恐怖行动terrorism n 恐怖主义

10. illegal a: against the law不合法的，非法的
It is illegal to take drugs. 吸毒是违法的。
Link: legal a 合法的

11. participate v take part in (an activity) 参与，参加
She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?
她从不参加我们的任何讨论，是吗？
Link: take part in参与，参加

12. torture n: 拷问，拷打，虐待
About half of the prisoners were killed after torture.
大约有半数的囚犯因受虐待而死。

13. origin n  血统，出身；来历
She was a little girl of humble origin years ago.
若干年前她还是一位出身卑微的小女孩。
Link: original a最初的，本来的

全真考题: [CET-4: 1998.1]
The relation between employers and employees has been studied D.
A. originally  B. extremely  C. violently    D. intensively
句意: 劳资双方的关系已经被细致地研究了。
解析: Ａ.最初地  B.极度地  C. 剧烈地  D.深入地

14. attorney n a lawyer 律师
defense attorney 辩护律师 a civil attorney 民事律师
Link: lawyer n 律师

15.quiver v shake slightly颤抖
She was quivering with anger. 她气得发颤。

16. deport v: force (a person) to leave a country驱逐（某人）出境
Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year.
每年有成千上万的非法移民被抓住并驱逐出境。

17. vagueness n being vague 不清楚，含糊
Their report is on the vagueness of future economic prospects.
他们的报告论述了未来经济前景的不明朗之处。
Link: vague a 含糊不清的

全真考题: [CET-4: 2002.6]
The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that C lot.
A. valid     B. vain    C. vacant    D. vague
句意: 街坊的男孩喜欢在那块空地上打篮球。
解析: Ａ.有效的 B.徒劳的  C.空着的  D.含糊不清的

18.rhetorical a: 浮夸的，词藻华丽的
The government official's speech on how to give priority to elementary education is too rhetorical to be trusted.
政府官员就重视基础教育问题所作的报告过于浮夸，缺乏可信度。

19.legal a: connected with the law 法律的, 法定的, 合法
You have legal rights not to answer. 你拥有不回答的法律权利

20. ally v join or unite, e.g. by political agreement 与...联盟
I refused to ally myself to that man 我拒绝与那人结盟。
Link: alliance n盟国

21. on account of : because of因为
We delayed our journey on account of the bad weather.
因为天气恶劣，我们推迟了行期。

22. fuss n: show of worry or excitement忙乱，大惊小怪，过分激动
Mary likes to make a fuss over trifles. 玛丽喜欢小题大做。

23. keep out: (cause to) stay or not enter （使）不进入；（使）远离
This notice should keep unwanted visitors out.
这个通告该可以把那些不受欢迎的访问者挡在门外了。

24. drop in: pay an unplanned visit 顺便拜访
Drop in to see us any time you're in town
你什么时候进城就来看看我们。

25. ahead of time: earlier than arranged time提早
Let's meet for lunch. I'll call you ahead of time to fix a time and a place.
咱们一块儿去吃午饭。我会提前打电话给你确定时间和地点。

全真考题: [CET-4: 1996.6]
Wherever I have an appointment, I like to arrive C.
A. ahead of time a little   B. a little time ahead
C. a little ahead of time   D. ahead of a little time
句意: 不管我什么时候有约会，我都喜欢提前一会儿到达。
解析: a little应放于a head of time之前。

26. on vacation: away from work or school for fun or rest度假
The secretary is on vacation this week. 那位秘书本周在休假。

27.a couple of: a small number of几个
The doctor said my leg should be better in a couple of days.
医生说我的腿过几天会好转的。

28. inquire v: ask for information打听，询问 inquiry n 询问
I'll inquire about the price of the tickets. 我要去打听一下票价

全真考题: [CET-4: 1990.1]
These excursions(远足,游览) will give you an even deeper D into our language and culture.
A. inquiry   B. investigation    C. input    D. insight
句意: 这些游览将使你对自己的语言文化有更深入的理解。
解析: A.询问  B.调查   C.投入  D.洞察，理解

29. assumption n: a thing accepted as true but not proved 假设，假定
The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.
这个理论是以一系列错误的假设为依据的。
Link: assume v 假设，假定

30. have no intention of: 没有意图做 (某事)
I have no intention of coming to this terrible place again!
我再也不想到这个鬼地方来了！

31. on grounds of: by reason of 出于...的原因
I had to leave work on grounds of ill health. 我因病不得不辞去工作。

32. procedure n: 过程，步骤，常规
Social workers have procedures which they must follow when they are taking children away from their parents.
社会工作者在把孩子从父母身边带走时，有一些必须遵循的手续。

33. simplicity n the positive quality of being simple简朴；简便；简单
Stephen always solves problems with such simplicity.
史蒂芬总是这样简捷地解决问题。
Link: simple a 简单的

34. band n乐队a rock band 摇滚乐队

35. lest conj 以免
I obeyed her lest she (should) be angry. 我服从了她的意愿,以免她生气。

全真考题: [CET-4: 1999.1]
We’ll visit Europe next year D we have enough money.
A. lest    B. until    C. unless    D. provided
句意: 如果有足够的钱，我们明年将访问欧洲。
解析: Ａ.以免  B. 直到  C.除非  D.假如

36. provoke cause (sth) to happen 致使，引起
Test results have provoked worries that the reactor could overheat.
试验的结果引起了人们对反应堆过热的担忧。

37. get away with : not be punished for sth不因某事受惩罚
If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it.
如果你考试作弊，就一定难逃处罚。
 
Unit 10 Section A

1. survival n  state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 幸存，残存
The doctors told my wife that I had a 50/50 chance of survival.
医生告诉我妻子说我有50%的机会活下来。
Link: survive v 幸存，残存: to survive the earthquake 地震后幸存

全真考题: [CET-4: 1993.6]
There is little chance that mankind would D a nuclear war.
A. retain    B. endure    C. maintain    D. survive
句意: 人类幸存于核战的可能性不大。
解析: A保持  B.忍耐  C.维持  D.幸免于…

2. flame n: burning gas (from sth on fire) 火焰，火舌
The flames of the fire were comforting on such a cold day.
在这样一个寒冷的日子，炉子上的火焰真让人感到舒服。

3. sorrow n: feeling of sadness 悲伤，悲哀，悔恨
The sorrow she felt was almost too much to bear. 她简直难以承受这痛苦。
Link: sorry a难过的，后悔的

4. ancient a: of or from a long time ago古代的，古旧的
People have lived in this valley since ancient times.
人们自古以来就居住在这个山谷里。

5. endure v bear (pain, suffering, etc.) calmly 经受，忍受，容忍
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
我们不得不在机场忍受航班9个小时的延误。
Link: endurance n忍耐，持久

6. raid n a sudden surprise attack by armed forces 突袭，袭击
We made a raid on the enemy. 我们对敌人发起了突袭。

7. channel n  航道, 海峡，沟渠
You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help you 如果你需要政府帮助你,你必须走官方渠道.

8. cast v 投射（目光），将（思想、感情）加于
Her arrival cast a shadow over the party.
她的到来给晚会投下了不愉快的阴影。

9. cliff n悬崖，峭壁
We walked along the cliff edge for a couple of miles.
我们沿着峭壁边缘走了几英里。
10. invader n a person or thing that invades 侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者
They fought to drive off the invaders. 他们为赶走侵略者而战.
Link: invade v 侵略，invasion n 侵略

11.drive off：defeat or beat back (an enemy or an attack) 击退, 赶走
The army drove off the enemy with much effort and loss of life.
这支部队艰苦作战、伤亡惨重，最后击退了敌人。

12. be sure of: certain to receive, win, etc. sth确信会获得，赢得
Can I be sure of a profit if I put my money there?
我把钱投在那儿一定能获利吗？

13. surrender v投降，自首
They would rather die than surrender. 他们宁死不降。

14. royal a (in the service) of a king or queen 王室的，皇家的
The law has not yet received the royal approval. 该法律尚未得到御准。

15. hammer v hit or beat repeatedly敲打，锤击
I could hear him hammering in the house next door.
我能听见他在隔壁房间锤击的声音。

16. historic a famous or important in history 历史上有名的或重要的
More money is needed for the upkeep of the historic buildings.
历史性建筑的保存需要更多的资金投入。
Link: historical a 历史上的

17. agony n unbearable physical or mental pain or suffering 极大的痛苦
She was in agony trying to make a decision
她在努力做出决定，内心十分痛苦。

18 crash n: 坠落（声），打击或破裂（所发的响声）
The plane crashed soon after taking off. 飞机起飞后不久就坠毁了.

全真考题: [CET-4: 1997.1]
Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you D the new carpet.
A. crash    B. pollute     C. spot     D. stain
句意: 喝咖啡时请小心以防弄脏地毯。
解析: Ａ.坠毁  B.污染  C.玷污    D.弄脏织物等

19. commuter n a person who commutes 往返于两地上下班的人
The five o'clock train is always packed with commuters.
五点钟的火车总是挤满了上下班的人。
Link: commute v乘车

20. bump v颠簸而行
The bus bumped along the mountain road. 公共汽车在山路上颠簸行驶。

21. dairy n牛奶场，乳品店
While we were camping we bought our milk from a nearby dairy farm.
野营时, 我们从附近的牛奶场购买牛奶。

22. on the air 开始广播（或电视转播）
This channel comes on the air every morning at 7.
这个频道每天早晨7点开始播送节目。

23. keep…from doing: prevent sb from doing sth 阻止
I don't want to keep you from doing your work.我不想阻止你做工作。

24. heroic a having the qualities of a hero; very brave 英雄的，英勇的
He was famous for his heroic deeds during the war.
他因战争中的英雄事迹而闻名。

25. resolution n the quality of being firm 坚决，坚定，决心
If you lack resolution, you can achieve nothing. 
如果你缺乏决心, 你将一事无成.

26. pub n 酒店，酒吧
Shall we go down to the pub after work? 我们下班后到酒吧去好吗？

27. watch for: look attentively for sth 留意，当心
Watch for our new improved product, which will be on the market next week! 留心我们新改进的产品吧, 下个星期就要上市了！

28. handful n a small number (of people or things) 少数，少量
There's only a handful of people in the country who can do work as difficult as this. 在国内只有少数人能完成如此困难的工作。

29. flock n 一群（绵羊、山羊、鸟或人）
Police are warning motorists that a flock of sheep has escaped onto the road.
警察在告诫驾车人说有一群绵羊跑到了路上。

30. exhaustion n total loss of strength 筋疲力尽，疲惫
She felt ill with exhaustion 她因过度劳累而感到身体不适。
Link: exhaust v 耗尽

31. smash v (cause sth to) be broken violently into pieces 打碎，打破，粉碎
The lock was rusty, so we had to smash it to open the door.
锁生锈了，我们不得不把门砸开。

32. rescue v save or bring away sb/sth from danger 救出，解救
You rescued me from an embarrassing situation 你使我摆脱了窘境。

33. underneath prep. under or below 在下面，在底下，向下面
The photographers’ name was printed underneath. 摄影师的名字印在下面.

34. wreckage n remains of sth that has been wrecked 残骸，残余物，碎片
Wreckage of the plane showered a wide area飞机的残骸散落范围很广。

35. put out: cause sth to stop burning扑灭，熄灭
Firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员很快就把那场火扑灭了。

36. mark down: write down 记下来，写下来
I marked down the address that she gave me over the telephone, and took care not to lose it. 我把她在电话里告诉我的地址记下来，并注意把它保存好。

37. decency n being decent 正派，合宜，体面，得体
It would have been common decency to phone and say you’d be late.
打个电话来说你将迟点本是起码的礼节.
Link: decent a 体面的，得体的

38. carry on: continue doing sth继续 carry on doing 继续做…
Carry on your work! 继续你的工作吧！

全真考题: [CET-4: 1990.1]
They C in spite of the extremely difficult condition
A. carried out   B. carried off   C. carried on   D. carried forward
句意: 仅管条件极其艰苦，他们仍在继续。
解析: Ａ实施(计划)  B.带走   C.继续   D.发扬

Unit 10 Section B

1. dot n a small round mark 点，小圆点
Her skirt was blue with white dots. 她的短裙是蓝底白点。

2. drift v move slowly漂流，飘动
Early that morning, a mist drifted in from the sea
那天一早从海上飘来了一层薄雾。

3. mere a nothing more than; no better or more important than 仅仅，只不过
Mere words with no action won't help. 光说不做无济于事。

4. explode v burst violently 爆炸
A bomb exploded at London's busy railway station this morning.
今晨一枚炸弹在伦敦繁忙的火车站爆炸。
Link: explosion n 爆炸

5. sink into: go into (a less active or happy state) 陷入（不愉快的状态）
Don't let yourself sink into despair. 不要让你自己堕入失望的境地。

6. weed v take out wild plants from (the ground) 除去（地上的）杂草
I've been busy weeding in the garden 我一直忙着在园子里除杂草。
Link: weed n 杂草

7.stagger v（因负重、虚弱、醉酒等）蹒跚，摇晃
She staggered and fell. 她摇摇晃晃地摔倒了。

8. luxury n 奢侈，豪华，享受a luxury hotel 豪华旅馆
Smoking is his only luxury. 抽烟是他唯一的享受.
link: luxurious a 奢华的

9. sector n an area that is separate from others 区域
The country's industrial sector continues to grow. 该国的工业区在继续发展。

10. thunder v make a loud noise like thunder 打雷，发出雷鸣般的响声
An express train thundered through the station. 快车轰鸣地通过了火车站。

11.wanting in: lacking in sth 不够，不足
His behavior was wanting in politeness. 他的行为缺乏礼貌。

12. expect v期望，指望 expect sth of sb 对某人有…的期望
You are expecting too much of him. 你对他期望过高。
   Link: expectation n期望

13.heir n 继承人: She made her fourth son heir. 她将第四子选作继承人。

14.roomy a having plenty of space to contain things or people 宽敞的
I like to wear roomy clothing. 我喜欢穿宽松的衣服。

15. remain of 从...留下，剩下
All that remains of the city is ruins. 城市所剩下的只是废墟。

16.limb n an arm or leg of a person or animal 肢，翼
The students mostly had injuries to their lower limbs.
这些学生大多数下肢有伤。

17. flesh n（人体或动物的）肉，果肉
To make apple sauce, you have to remove the skins and use only the flesh.
要做苹果酱，你必须削去苹果皮，只用果肉。

18.chap n a man or older boy 家伙，小伙子
He's a friendly chap. 他是个挺友好的小伙子。

19.glimpse n a short look一瞥，一看 at a glimpse 看一眼
She recognized him at a glimpse. 她一眼就认出了他。

20. bandage n 绷带
She was wearing a bandage round her head. 她头上缠着绷带。

21.sway v move slowly from side to side 摇摆，摇动
The trees are swaying in the winter wind. 树在冬季的风中摇摆。

22.make for: move in some direction; head for 向...前进
He made for the door. 他朝门口走过去。

23.slope n (part of) the side of a hill or mountain 山坡
There's a very sharp slope just before you reach the top of the mountain
在你到达山顶之前有一个非常陡的山坡。

24. take in: allow sb to stay in one's home 收留
He was homeless, so we took him in 他无家可归，所以我们收留了他。

全真考题: [CET-4: 1999.6]
Our son doesn’t know what to D at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.
A. take over    B. take after    C. take in    D. take up
句意: 我们的儿子不知道在大学里该学什么好，他对前途还拿不定主意。
解析: Ａ.收,接管  B.效仿,追求  C.领会   D.选学,开始学习

25. uneasy adj causing slight anxiety 心神不安的，担心的；令人不安的
I'm uneasy about the future. 我对未来很感忧虑。
Link: easy adj容易的,舒适的

26.be seized with:被（强烈的感情、愿望等）影响
I was suddenly seized with a feeling of loneliness. 我突然产生一种孤独感。

全真考题: [CET-4: 1998.1]
You have nothing to A by refusing to listen to our advice.
A. gain   B. grasp    C. seize    D. earn
句意: 不听我们的劝告，你将一无所获。
解析: Ａ.获得  B.掌握  C.抓住 D.挣得

27. dash v move suddenly and quickly 急奔，猛冲
I’ve got to dash off straight after lunch to meet a client.
一吃完晚饭我就得赶快走，去见一个客户。
 
28. keep on doing: continue doing (sth) 继续做
She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽然很疲劳，却仍坚持工作。

29. heal v become healthy again治愈，使康复
The wound healed slowly. 伤口痊愈得很慢。

30. radiation n 发热，发光，辐射，放射
With nuclear power, there is always the fear that there will be a release of harmful radiation 对核能，人们总担心会泄漏有害的放射性物质。
Link: radiate v 辐射，放射

31. dizzy adj头晕目眩的，迷惑的
After another glass of whisky I began to feel dizzy.
又喝了一杯威士忌酒后，我开始感到头晕。

32. ghost n鬼，幽灵: Do you believe in ghosts? 你信鬼吗？

33. realistically adv based on facts; practically 现实地，实际地
Realistically speaking, he hadn't a hope, but that didn't stop him from trying.
现实地讲他没有希望，但那并没有使他放弃努力。
Link: real adj真的  realistic adj现实的

34.go into开始行动，细谈，调查
We must go into immediate action to fight against drugs.
我们必须马上开始行动,与毒品抗争.

全真考题: [CET-4: 1996.1]
There are other problems which I don’t propose to A at the moment.
A. go into    B. go around    C. go for    D. go up
句意: 还有一些问题此刻我不提议细谈。
解析: A.细谈，调查  B.走来走去 C.去拿，去做  D.登上，上升
全真考题: [CET-4: 2000.6]
The early pioneers had to C many hardships to settle on the new land.
A go along with   B. go back on    C. go through   D. go into
句意: 为了在这块新的大陆上定居下来, 早期的先驱们经历了许多苦难。
解析: A.赞同  B.违背  C. 经历  D.细谈，调查

35. historical adj 历史的，历史上的
We have no historical evidence for it. 这方面我们没有掌握历史证据。
Link: historic a 历史上重要的

36. break off: become separated from sth（使）折断, 分手
She has broken off with her boy friends. 她已经与男朋友分手了.

全真考题: [CET-4: 1998.1]
The car B halfway for no reason  
A. broke off  B. broke down  C. broke up  D. broke out
句意: 汽车无缘无故地在半路发生故障。 
解析: A.停止,折断  B.发生故障, 崩溃  C.打碎, 散开   D.爆发, 逃走
全真考题: [CET-4: 1996.1]
The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally D because of the bad weather.
A. set off   B. broken off  C. worn off  D. called off
句意: 原定于上周五举行的运动会最终因为天气恶劣而取消。
解析: A.出发，启程  B.停止,折断  C.逐渐减少  D.取消

37. in the spirit of 本着…的精神
We come to college in the spirit of seeking truth.
我们本着追求真理的精神来到大学.
38. be flavored with 具有…风味
The buildings of our university are flavored with western style.
我们学校的建筑具有西式风味。

39. layout n 布局, 格式 the layout of a business letter 商业信函的格式
The first when I came to college, I was deeply impressed by the layout of the campus. 到校的第一天，我就被校园的布局深深地打动了。

40. give way to 让位于
Poverty has given way to prosperity in my hometown.
在我的家乡，贫穷已经让位于繁荣。