青岛奥风教育-专业的中学教育！

初中新版人教新目标八年级（初二）下知识点精讲

魏训刚

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Unit 1 What’s the matter?

1. What’s the matter (with you)?……出什么毛病了？……怎么了？

= What’s the trouble with you?

= What’s wrong with you?

I have a cold/ fever.

               headache/ toothache/ stomachache

               sore back/ throat.

2. hurt (hurt, hurt)

①vt.使疼痛；伤害

如：He hurt himself in P.E. class.他上体育课时伤到自己。

Put that thing down - you might hurt someone with it.把那东西放下—你有可能会伤到人。

Tom hurt his knee playing football.汤姆打篮球时伤了膝盖。

②vi. 疼痛

如：Where does it hurt?哪儿疼？

3. The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.那位司机发现一位老人正在路边躺着。

① see sb. do看到某人做了某事

   see sb. doing看到某人正在做某事

[辨析] see sb. doing强调看时动作正在发生；see sb. do强调结果，表示看到了。

如：I saw him walk across the street.我看到他穿过街道。（看到他过去了）

I saw him walking across the street.我看到他正穿过街道。（正在过，还没过去）

We saw a big bird fly over the city. 我们看到一只大鸟从城市上空飞过。(看到飞过去了)

We saw a big bird flying over the city.我们看到一只大鸟正从城市的上空飞过。（强调看时正在飞）

4. think twice三思；反复考虑

如：The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice.那位公交司机没有多想便停下了车。

Think twice before doing anything.做任何事都要三思而后行。

5. thanks to由于；因为

Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time.

多亏王师傅和乘客的帮助，医生及时救了那个人。

Thanks to Tom, I passed the exam. 因为汤姆（的帮助），我通过了考试。

Thanks to the bad weather, we had to stay at home.

由于天气不好，我们不得不呆在家里。

6. get off下车/船/飞机等

get on上车/船/飞机等

如：He got off the bus at the Carrefour bus stop.他在家乐福车站下了车。

The driver got off and asked the woman what happened.司机下了车然后问那位女士发生了什么事。

She couldn’t get on the bus because there were too many people.她上不去那辆公交车因为人太多了。

注意：如果小汽车、出租车、小型直升机等，则上车/飞机用get into，下车/飞机用get out of。

如：Tom got into a taxi and left.汤姆上了一辆出租车，离开了。

    She got out of her car and went into the bank hall.她从车上下来，走进银行大厅。

7. run out (of)用完；耗尽

[用法点睛] sth. run out.某物用完/光。

          sb. run out of sth.某人用完/光某物。

如：When his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

当他的水用完后，他知道他将不得不采取行动来拯救自己的生命。

He ran out of all his money last year.他去年花光了他所有的钱。

We ran out of milk yesterday. 我们的牛奶昨天喝完了。

8. be used to习惯于；适应

[用法点睛] be/become/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 

  如：I do the dishes every day, so I'm used to it.我每天洗碗，所以习惯了这件事。

She is used to living here.她习惯了在这儿生活。

9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.这意味着陷入一个看起来你似乎无法摆脱的困境。

(1) mean (meant, meant)

① vt.意味着；意思是

[用法点睛] mean doing意味着某事

如：What do you mean by saying that?你那么说是什么意思？

--What does the word huge mean? huge这个单词是什么意思？

--It means very big.它的意思是非常大。

He won’t come. Waiting for him means wasting your time.

他不会来的。等他意味着浪费时间。

② vt.打算；计划

[用法点睛] mean to do计划做某事、有意做某事

如：He means to get me into trouble.他是存心给我找麻烦（让我陷入困境）。

I didn't mean to make you angry.我并没想让你生气。

[同根词] meaning n. [C U] 意义, 含意

(2) get out of离开；从……出来

如：I told him to get out of my house.我让他从我的房子里出去。

10. control  

① vt. 控制；限制；管理

如：He can’t control his child.他管不了他的孩子。

Sarah took a deep breath, trying to control her anger.

萨拉深吸了一口气，努力控制住自己的愤怒。

② n. [U] 控制

[短语] be in control of掌管；管理

out of control失控

如：She's a good teacher who has control of her class. 她是一个能掌控课堂的好老师。

Drinking too much can make you lose control of your own life.

唱太多酒可能会让你失去对生活的控制。

She may be old, but she is still in control of the family.

她或许人老了，但仍然控制着这个家庭的事务。

The car was out of control and hit a tree.那辆车失控，撞到一棵树上。

11. give up放弃

[用法点睛] give up doing放弃做某事 

如：Try hard and never give up!努力尝试，永不放弃！

A good teacher shouldn’t give up any student. 一个好老师不应放弃任何学生。

He is thinking of giving up teaching. 他在考虑放弃教学。

三．单元语法

1. 情态动词should的用法

should意为“应当；应该”，常用于提出劝告、建议等。

如：You should read his new book.你应该读读他的新书。

I think you should lie down and rest.我想你应该躺下休息。

You should say sorry to her.你应该给她道歉。

If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then you should go to a doctor.

如果明天你的头和脖子仍然疼的话，你应该去看医生。

You shouldn’t sit in the same way for too long without moving.你不应该长时间坐着不动。

2. 反身代词

(1) 定义：表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。单数都以self结尾，复数则以selves结尾。

(2) 用法

① 作宾语

如：The child can dress himself.那个孩子能自己穿衣服了。

      She cut herself when playing with the knife. 她玩那把小刀时割伤了自己。

② 作表语

如：Just be yourself.做你自己好了。

      I’m not myself today. （我今天不舒服。）

③ 同位语

如：The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要。

You should ask Tom himself. 你应该问汤姆自己。